CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.
Kuhusu fungu hili
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.
What the cards practice
The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.
The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.
Learning order
Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.
Labs and PBQs
Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.
Scope, provenance, and reuse
The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.
The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.
This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.
No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.
Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.
Kadi za fungu hili
Kadi namba 1
Swali
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
Jibu
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
Kadi namba 2
Swali
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
Jibu
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
Kadi namba 3
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What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
Jibu
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
Kadi namba 4
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What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
Jibu
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
Kadi namba 5
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How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
Jibu
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
Kadi namba 6
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Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
Jibu
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
Kadi namba 7
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Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
Jibu
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
Kadi namba 8
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A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
Jibu
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
Kadi namba 9
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A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
Jibu
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
Kadi namba 10
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Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
Jibu
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
Kadi namba 11
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What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
Jibu
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
Kadi namba 12
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How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
Jibu
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
Kadi namba 13
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What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
Jibu
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
Kadi namba 14
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What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
Jibu
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
Kadi namba 15
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Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
Jibu
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
Kadi namba 16
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How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
Jibu
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
Kadi namba 17
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How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
Jibu
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
Kadi namba 18
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What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
Jibu
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
Kadi namba 19
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How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
Jibu
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
Kadi namba 20
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Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
Jibu
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
Kadi namba 21
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What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
Jibu
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
Kadi namba 22
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How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
Jibu
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
Kadi namba 23
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What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
Jibu
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
Kadi namba 24
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What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
Jibu
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
Kadi namba 25
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How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
Jibu
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
Kadi namba 26
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Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
Jibu
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
Kadi namba 27
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What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
Jibu
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
Kadi namba 28
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A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
Jibu
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
Kadi namba 29
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How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
Jibu
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
Kadi namba 30
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What does mobile device management provide?
Jibu
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
Kadi namba 31
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How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
Jibu
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
Kadi namba 32
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What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
Jibu
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
Kadi namba 33
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Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
Jibu
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
Kadi namba 34
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When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
Jibu
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
Kadi namba 35
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What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
Jibu
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
Kadi namba 36
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How do TCP and UDP differ?
Jibu
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
Kadi namba 37
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Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
Jibu
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
Kadi namba 38
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Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
Jibu
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
Kadi namba 39
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Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
Jibu
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
Kadi namba 40
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Which port does DNS use?
Jibu
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
Kadi namba 41
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Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
Jibu
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
Kadi namba 42
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Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
Jibu
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
Kadi namba 43
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Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
Jibu
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
Kadi namba 44
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Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
Jibu
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
Kadi namba 45
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Which default port does LDAP use?
Jibu
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
Kadi namba 46
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Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
Jibu
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
Kadi namba 47
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Which default port does RDP use?
Jibu
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
Kadi namba 48
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Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
Jibu
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
Kadi namba 49
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Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
Jibu
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
Kadi namba 50
Swali
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
Jibu
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
Kadi namba 51
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What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
Jibu
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
Kadi namba 52
Swali
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
Jibu
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
Kadi namba 53
Swali
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
Jibu
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
Kadi namba 54
Swali
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
Jibu
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
Kadi namba 55
Swali
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
Jibu
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
Kadi namba 56
Swali
What is RFID used for?
Jibu
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
Kadi namba 57
Swali
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
Jibu
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
Kadi namba 58
Swali
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
Jibu
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
Kadi namba 59
Swali
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
Jibu
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
Kadi namba 60
Swali
How do mail and web servers differ?
Jibu
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
Kadi namba 61
Swali
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
Jibu
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
Kadi namba 62
Swali
How do AAA and database servers differ?
Jibu
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
Kadi namba 63
Swali
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
Jibu
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
Kadi namba 64
Swali
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
Jibu
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
Kadi namba 65
Swali
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
Jibu
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
Kadi namba 66
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What does SCADA monitor or control?
Jibu
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
Kadi namba 67
Swali
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
Jibu
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
Kadi namba 68
Swali
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
Jibu
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
Kadi namba 69
Swali
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
Jibu
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
Kadi namba 70
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What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
Jibu
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
Kadi namba 71
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What does a VPN protect?
Jibu
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
Kadi namba 72
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How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
Jibu
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
Kadi namba 73
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How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
Jibu
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
Kadi namba 74
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How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
Jibu
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
Kadi namba 75
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When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
Jibu
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
Kadi namba 76
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How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
Jibu
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
Kadi namba 77
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What does a wireless access point do?
Jibu
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
Kadi namba 78
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What is a patch panel's role?
Jibu
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
Kadi namba 79
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What is a firewall's core job?
Jibu
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
Kadi namba 80
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How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
Jibu
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
Kadi namba 81
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How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
Jibu
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
Kadi namba 82
Swali
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
Jibu
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
Kadi namba 83
Swali
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
Jibu
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
Kadi namba 84
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What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
Jibu
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
Kadi namba 85
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When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
Jibu
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
Kadi namba 86
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What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
Jibu
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
Kadi namba 87
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How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
Jibu
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
Kadi namba 88
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What does a default gateway provide?
Jibu
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
Kadi namba 89
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How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
Jibu
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
Kadi namba 90
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How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
Jibu
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
Kadi namba 91
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When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
Jibu
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
Kadi namba 92
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How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
Jibu
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
Kadi namba 93
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What is a storage area network?
Jibu
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
Kadi namba 94
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Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
Jibu
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
Kadi namba 95
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How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
Jibu
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
Kadi namba 96
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How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
Jibu
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
Kadi namba 97
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How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
Jibu
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
Kadi namba 98
Swali
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
Jibu
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
Kadi namba 99
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How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
Jibu
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
Kadi namba 100
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What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
Jibu
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
Kadi namba 101
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What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
Jibu
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
Kadi namba 102
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How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
Jibu
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
Kadi namba 103
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What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
Jibu
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
Kadi namba 104
Swali
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
Jibu
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
Kadi namba 105
Swali
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
Jibu
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
Kadi namba 106
Swali
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
Jibu
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
Kadi namba 107
Swali
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
Jibu
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
Kadi namba 108
Swali
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
Jibu
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
Kadi namba 109
Swali
How do DVI and VGA differ?
Jibu
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
Kadi namba 110
Swali
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
Jibu
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
Kadi namba 111
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What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
Jibu
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
Kadi namba 112
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How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
Jibu
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
Kadi namba 113
Swali
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
Jibu
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
Kadi namba 114
Swali
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
Jibu
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
Kadi namba 115
Swali
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
Jibu
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
Kadi namba 116
Swali
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
Jibu
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
Kadi namba 117
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Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
Jibu
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
Kadi namba 118
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How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
Jibu
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
Kadi namba 119
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What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
Jibu
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
Kadi namba 120
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What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
Jibu
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
Kadi namba 121
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What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
Jibu
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
Kadi namba 122
Swali
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
Jibu
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
Kadi namba 123
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How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
Jibu
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
Kadi namba 124
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How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
Jibu
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
Kadi namba 125
Swali
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
Jibu
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
Kadi namba 126
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How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
Jibu
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
Kadi namba 127
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What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
Jibu
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
Kadi namba 128
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How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
Jibu
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
Kadi namba 129
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When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
Jibu
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
Kadi namba 130
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How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
Jibu
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
Kadi namba 131
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Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
Jibu
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
Kadi namba 132
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What does RAID 10 provide?
Jibu
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
Kadi namba 133
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What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
Jibu
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
Kadi namba 134
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Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
Jibu
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
Kadi namba 135
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How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
Jibu
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
Kadi namba 136
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How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
Jibu
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
Kadi namba 137
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What does adding CPU cores improve?
Jibu
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
Kadi namba 138
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Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
Jibu
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
Kadi namba 139
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How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
Jibu
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
Kadi namba 140
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How do fans and heat sinks work together?
Jibu
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
Kadi namba 141
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Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
Jibu
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
Kadi namba 142
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What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
Jibu
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
Kadi namba 143
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What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
Jibu
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
Kadi namba 144
Swali
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
Jibu
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
Kadi namba 145
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What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
Jibu
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
Kadi namba 146
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What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
Jibu
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
Kadi namba 147
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How should PSU wattage be chosen?
Jibu
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
Kadi namba 148
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What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
Jibu
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
Kadi namba 149
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What does a redundant power supply provide?
Jibu
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
Kadi namba 150
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Why does PSU efficiency matter?
Jibu
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
Kadi namba 151
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How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
Jibu
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
Kadi namba 152
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What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
Jibu
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
Kadi namba 153
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How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
Jibu
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
Kadi namba 154
Swali
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
Jibu
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
Kadi namba 155
Swali
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
Jibu
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
Kadi namba 156
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How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
Jibu
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
Kadi namba 157
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Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
Jibu
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
Kadi namba 158
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Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
Jibu
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
Kadi namba 159
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How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
Jibu
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
Kadi namba 160
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Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
Jibu
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
Kadi namba 161
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When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
Jibu
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
Kadi namba 162
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What does printer calibration correct?
Jibu
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
Kadi namba 163
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Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
Jibu
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
Kadi namba 164
Swali
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
Jibu
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
Kadi namba 165
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How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
Jibu
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
Kadi namba 166
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What is a virtual machine?
Jibu
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
Kadi namba 167
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Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
Jibu
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
Kadi namba 168
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Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
Jibu
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
Kadi namba 169
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Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
Jibu
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
Kadi namba 170
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What does application virtualization do?
Jibu
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
Kadi namba 171
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Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
Jibu
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
Kadi namba 172
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Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
Jibu
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
Kadi namba 173
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What must be planned for VM networking?
Jibu
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
Kadi namba 174
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What does VDI deliver?
Jibu
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
Kadi namba 175
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What must be planned for VM storage?
Jibu
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
Kadi namba 176
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How does a container differ from a typical VM?
Jibu
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
Kadi namba 177
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How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
Jibu
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
Kadi namba 178
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What does a container image provide?
Jibu
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
Kadi namba 179
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A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
Jibu
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
Kadi namba 180
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What defines a public cloud?
Jibu
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
Kadi namba 181
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What does IaaS provide?
Jibu
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
Kadi namba 182
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What is cloud elasticity?
Jibu
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
Kadi namba 183
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What does metered cloud utilization measure?
Jibu
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
Kadi namba 184
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What defines a private cloud?
Jibu
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
Kadi namba 185
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What does SaaS provide?
Jibu
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
Kadi namba 186
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How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
Jibu
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
Kadi namba 187
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What is high availability designed to reduce?
Jibu
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
Kadi namba 188
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What is a hybrid cloud?
Jibu
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
Kadi namba 189
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What does PaaS provide?
Jibu
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
Kadi namba 190
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What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
Jibu
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
Kadi namba 191
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What does cloud multitenancy mean?
Jibu
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
Kadi namba 192
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What is a community cloud?
Jibu
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
Kadi namba 193
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What does FaaS run?
Jibu
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
Kadi namba 194
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Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
Jibu
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
Kadi namba 195
Swali
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
Jibu
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
Kadi namba 196
Swali
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
Jibu
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
Kadi namba 197
Swali
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
Jibu
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
Kadi namba 198
Swali
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
Jibu
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
Kadi namba 199
Swali
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
Jibu
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
Kadi namba 200
Swali
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
Jibu
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
Kadi namba 201
Swali
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
Kadi namba 202
Swali
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
Jibu
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
Kadi namba 203
Swali
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
Jibu
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
Kadi namba 204
Swali
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
Jibu
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
Kadi namba 205
Swali
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
Kadi namba 206
Swali
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
Jibu
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
Kadi namba 207
Swali
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
Jibu
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
Kadi namba 208
Swali
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
Jibu
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
Kadi namba 209
Swali
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
Jibu
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
Kadi namba 210
Swali
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
Jibu
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
Kadi namba 211
Swali
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
Jibu
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
Kadi namba 212
Swali
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
Jibu
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
Kadi namba 213
Swali
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
Jibu
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
Kadi namba 214
Swali
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
Jibu
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
Kadi namba 215
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A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
Jibu
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
Kadi namba 216
Swali
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
Kadi namba 217
Swali
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
Jibu
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
Kadi namba 218
Swali
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
Jibu
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
Kadi namba 219
Swali
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
Jibu
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
Kadi namba 220
Swali
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
Jibu
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
Kadi namba 221
Swali
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
Jibu
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
Kadi namba 222
Swali
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
Kadi namba 223
Swali
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
Jibu
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
Kadi namba 224
Swali
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
Jibu
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
Kadi namba 225
Swali
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
Jibu
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
Kadi namba 226
Swali
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
Jibu
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
Kadi namba 227
Swali
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
Jibu
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
Kadi namba 228
Swali
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
Jibu
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
Kadi namba 229
Swali
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
Jibu
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
Kadi namba 230
Swali
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
Jibu
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
Kadi namba 231
Swali
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
Jibu
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
Kadi namba 232
Swali
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
Jibu
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
Kadi namba 233
Swali
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
Jibu
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
Kadi namba 234
Swali
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
Jibu
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
Kadi namba 235
Swali
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
Jibu
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
Kadi namba 236
Swali
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
Jibu
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
Kadi namba 237
Swali
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
Kadi namba 238
Swali
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
Jibu
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
Kadi namba 239
Swali
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
Jibu
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
Kadi namba 240
Swali
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
Jibu
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
Kadi namba 241
Swali
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
Jibu
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
Kadi namba 242
Swali
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
Kadi namba 243
Swali
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
Jibu
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
Kadi namba 244
Swali
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
Jibu
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
Kadi namba 245
Swali
Which tools help locate high latency?
Jibu
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
Kadi namba 246
Swali
What signs point to external wireless interference?
Jibu
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
Kadi namba 247
Swali
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
Jibu
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
Kadi namba 248
Swali
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
Jibu
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
Kadi namba 249
Swali
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
Jibu
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
Kadi namba 250
Swali
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
Jibu
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
Kadi namba 251
Swali
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
Jibu
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
Kadi namba 252
Swali
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
Jibu
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
Kadi namba 253
Swali
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
Kadi namba 254
Swali
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
Jibu
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
Kadi namba 255
Swali
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
Jibu
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
Kadi namba 256
Swali
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
Jibu
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
Kadi namba 257
Swali
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
Kadi namba 258
Swali
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
Jibu
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
Kadi namba 259
Swali
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
Jibu
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
Kadi namba 260
Swali
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
Jibu
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
kadi 520
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
Soma fungu hili bila malipoNibomo itafunguka ili uanze kusoma.
Kadi namba 261
Swali
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
Jibu
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
Kadi namba 262
Swali
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
Jibu
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
Kadi namba 263
Swali
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
Kadi namba 264
Swali
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
Jibu
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
Kadi namba 265
Swali
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
Jibu
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
Kadi namba 266
Swali
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
Kadi namba 267
Swali
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
Jibu
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
Kadi namba 268
Swali
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
Jibu
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
Kadi namba 269
Swali
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
Kadi namba 270
Swali
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
Jibu
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
Kadi namba 271
Swali
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
Jibu
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
Kadi namba 272
Swali
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
Jibu
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
Kadi namba 273
Swali
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
Jibu
dir. Usecdwhen you need to change the current directory.Kadi namba 274
Swali
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
Jibu
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
Kadi namba 275
Swali
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
Jibu
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
Kadi namba 276
Swali
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
Jibu
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
Kadi namba 277
Swali
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
Jibu
ipconfig. Add/allwhen you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.Kadi namba 278
Swali
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
Jibu
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
Kadi namba 279
Swali
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
Jibu
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
Kadi namba 280
Swali
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
Jibu
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
Kadi namba 281
Swali
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
Jibu
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
Kadi namba 282
Swali
What do the common macOS application forms
.dmg,.pkg, and.apprepresent?Jibu
A
.dmgis a mountable disk image, a.pkgruns an installer, and an.appis an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.Kadi namba 283
Swali
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
Jibu
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
Kadi namba 284
Swali
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
Jibu
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.Kadi namba 285
Swali
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
Jibu
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
Kadi namba 286
Swali
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
Jibu
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
Kadi namba 287
Swali
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
Jibu
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
Kadi namba 288
Swali
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
Jibu
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
Kadi namba 289
Swali
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
Jibu
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.Kadi namba 290
Swali
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
Jibu
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
Kadi namba 291
Swali
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
Jibu
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
Kadi namba 292
Swali
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
Jibu
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
Kadi namba 293
Swali
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
Jibu
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
Kadi namba 294
Swali
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
Jibu
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
Kadi namba 295
Swali
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
Jibu
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
Kadi namba 296
Swali
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
Jibu
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
Kadi namba 297
Swali
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
Jibu
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
Kadi namba 298
Swali
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
Jibu
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
Kadi namba 299
Swali
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
Jibu
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.Kadi namba 300
Swali
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
Jibu
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
Kadi namba 301
Swali
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
Jibu
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
Kadi namba 302
Swali
What do
/Applications,/Users,/Library, and/Systemhold on macOS?Jibu
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
Kadi namba 303
Swali
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
Jibu
A UNC path such as
\\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.Kadi namba 304
Swali
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
Jibu
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
Kadi namba 305
Swali
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
Jibu
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
Kadi namba 306
Swali
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
Jibu
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
Kadi namba 307
Swali
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
Jibu
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
Kadi namba 308
Swali
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
Jibu
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
Kadi namba 309
Swali
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
Jibu
tracert. Usepathpingwhen you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.Kadi namba 310
Swali
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
Jibu
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
Kadi namba 311
Swali
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
Jibu
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
Kadi namba 312
Swali
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
Jibu
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
Kadi namba 313
Swali
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
Jibu
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
Kadi namba 314
Swali
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
Jibu
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
Kadi namba 315
Swali
How do
chmodandchowndiffer on Linux?Jibu
chmodchanges permission bits;chownchanges file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.Kadi namba 316
Swali
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
Jibu
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.Kadi namba 317
Swali
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
Jibu
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
Kadi namba 318
Swali
What does a client VPN connection provide?
Jibu
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
Kadi namba 319
Swali
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
Jibu
aptis common on Debian and Ubuntu;dnfis common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorizedsudoelevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.Kadi namba 320
Swali
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
Jibu
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
Kadi namba 321
Swali
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
Jibu
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.Kadi namba 322
Swali
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
Jibu
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
Kadi namba 323
Swali
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
Jibu
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
Kadi namba 324
Swali
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
Jibu
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
Kadi namba 325
Swali
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
Jibu
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
Kadi namba 326
Swali
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
Jibu
dfreports filesystem free space;duestimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.Kadi namba 327
Swali
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
Jibu
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
Kadi namba 328
Swali
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
Jibu
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as
invoice.pdf.exe.Kadi namba 329
Swali
What is the safest source for an application installer?
Jibu
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
Kadi namba 330
Swali
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
Jibu
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.Kadi namba 331
Swali
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
Jibu
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
Kadi namba 332
Swali
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
Jibu
System Configuration (
msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.Kadi namba 333
Swali
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
Jibu
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
Kadi namba 334
Swali
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
Jibu
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
Kadi namba 335
Swali
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
Jibu
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.Kadi namba 336
Swali
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
Jibu
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
Kadi namba 337
Swali
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
Jibu
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
Kadi namba 338
Swali
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
Jibu
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
Kadi namba 339
Swali
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
Jibu
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
Kadi namba 340
Swali
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
Jibu
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
Kadi namba 341
Swali
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
Jibu
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
Kadi namba 342
Swali
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
Jibu
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
Kadi namba 343
Swali
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
Jibu
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
Kadi namba 344
Swali
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
Jibu
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
Kadi namba 345
Swali
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
Jibu
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
Kadi namba 346
Swali
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
Jibu
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
Kadi namba 347
Swali
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
Jibu
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
Kadi namba 348
Swali
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
Jibu
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
Kadi namba 349
Swali
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
Jibu
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
Kadi namba 350
Swali
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
Jibu
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
Kadi namba 351
Swali
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
Jibu
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
Kadi namba 352
Swali
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
Jibu
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
Kadi namba 353
Swali
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
Jibu
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
Kadi namba 354
Swali
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
Jibu
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
Kadi namba 355
Swali
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
Jibu
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
Kadi namba 356
Swali
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
Jibu
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
Kadi namba 357
Swali
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
Jibu
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
Kadi namba 358
Swali
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
Jibu
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
Kadi namba 359
Swali
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
Jibu
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
Kadi namba 360
Swali
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
Jibu
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
Kadi namba 361
Swali
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
Jibu
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
Kadi namba 362
Swali
What does the principle of least privilege require?
Jibu
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
Kadi namba 363
Swali
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
Jibu
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
Kadi namba 364
Swali
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
Jibu
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
Kadi namba 365
Swali
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
Jibu
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
Kadi namba 366
Swali
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
Jibu
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
Kadi namba 367
Swali
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
Jibu
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
Kadi namba 368
Swali
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
Jibu
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
Kadi namba 369
Swali
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
Jibu
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
Kadi namba 370
Swali
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
Jibu
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
Kadi namba 371
Swali
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
Jibu
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
Kadi namba 372
Swali
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
Jibu
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
Kadi namba 373
Swali
What does an access control list decide?
Jibu
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
Kadi namba 374
Swali
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
Jibu
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
Kadi namba 375
Swali
How should router management access be exposed?
Jibu
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
Kadi namba 376
Swali
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
Jibu
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
Kadi namba 377
Swali
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
Jibu
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
Kadi namba 378
Swali
What happens in an on-path attack?
Jibu
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
Kadi namba 379
Swali
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
Jibu
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
Kadi namba 380
Swali
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
Jibu
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
Kadi namba 381
Swali
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
Jibu
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
Kadi namba 382
Swali
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
Jibu
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
Kadi namba 383
Swali
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
Jibu
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
Kadi namba 384
Swali
What makes authentication multifactor?
Jibu
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
Kadi namba 385
Swali
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
Jibu
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
Kadi namba 386
Swali
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
Jibu
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
Kadi namba 387
Swali
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
Jibu
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
Kadi namba 388
Swali
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
Jibu
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
Kadi namba 389
Swali
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
Jibu
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
Kadi namba 390
Swali
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
Jibu
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
Kadi namba 391
Swali
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
Jibu
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
Kadi namba 392
Swali
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
Jibu
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
Kadi namba 393
Swali
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
Jibu
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
Kadi namba 394
Swali
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
Jibu
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
Kadi namba 395
Swali
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
Jibu
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
Kadi namba 396
Swali
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
Jibu
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
Kadi namba 397
Swali
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
Jibu
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
Kadi namba 398
Swali
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
Jibu
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
Kadi namba 399
Swali
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
Jibu
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
Kadi namba 400
Swali
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
Jibu
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
Kadi namba 401
Swali
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
Jibu
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
Kadi namba 402
Swali
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
Jibu
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
Kadi namba 403
Swali
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
Jibu
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
Kadi namba 404
Swali
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
Jibu
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
Kadi namba 405
Swali
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
Jibu
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
Kadi namba 406
Swali
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
Jibu
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
Kadi namba 407
Swali
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
Jibu
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
Kadi namba 408
Swali
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
Jibu
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
Kadi namba 409
Swali
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
Jibu
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
Kadi namba 410
Swali
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
Jibu
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
Kadi namba 411
Swali
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
Jibu
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
Kadi namba 412
Swali
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
Jibu
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
Kadi namba 413
Swali
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
Jibu
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
Kadi namba 414
Swali
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
Jibu
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
Kadi namba 415
Swali
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
Jibu
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
Kadi namba 416
Swali
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
Jibu
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
Kadi namba 417
Swali
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
Jibu
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
Kadi namba 418
Swali
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
Jibu
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
Kadi namba 419
Swali
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
Jibu
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
Kadi namba 420
Swali
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
Jibu
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
Kadi namba 421
Swali
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
Jibu
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
Kadi namba 422
Swali
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
Jibu
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
Kadi namba 423
Swali
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
Jibu
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
Kadi namba 424
Swali
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
Jibu
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
Kadi namba 425
Swali
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
Jibu
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
Kadi namba 426
Swali
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
Jibu
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
Kadi namba 427
Swali
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
Jibu
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
Kadi namba 428
Swali
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
Jibu
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
Kadi namba 429
Swali
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
Jibu
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
Kadi namba 430
Swali
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
Jibu
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
Kadi namba 431
Swali
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
Jibu
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
Kadi namba 432
Swali
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
Jibu
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
Kadi namba 433
Swali
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
Jibu
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
Kadi namba 434
Swali
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
Jibu
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
Kadi namba 435
Swali
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
Jibu
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
Kadi namba 436
Swali
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
Jibu
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
Kadi namba 437
Swali
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
Jibu
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
Kadi namba 438
Swali
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
Jibu
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
Kadi namba 439
Swali
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
Jibu
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
Kadi namba 440
Swali
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
Jibu
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
Kadi namba 441
Swali
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
Jibu
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
Kadi namba 442
Swali
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
Jibu
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
Kadi namba 443
Swali
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
Jibu
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
Kadi namba 444
Swali
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
Jibu
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
Kadi namba 445
Swali
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
Jibu
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
Kadi namba 446
Swali
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
Jibu
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
Kadi namba 447
Swali
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
Jibu
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
Kadi namba 448
Swali
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
Jibu
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
Kadi namba 449
Swali
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
Jibu
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
Kadi namba 450
Swali
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
Jibu
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
Kadi namba 451
Swali
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
Jibu
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
Kadi namba 452
Swali
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
Jibu
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
Kadi namba 453
Swali
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
Jibu
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
Kadi namba 454
Swali
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
Jibu
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
Kadi namba 455
Swali
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
Jibu
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
Kadi namba 456
Swali
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
Jibu
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
Kadi namba 457
Swali
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
Jibu
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
Kadi namba 458
Swali
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
Jibu
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
Kadi namba 459
Swali
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
Jibu
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
Kadi namba 460
Swali
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
Jibu
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
Kadi namba 461
Swali
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
Jibu
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
Kadi namba 462
Swali
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
Jibu
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
Kadi namba 463
Swali
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
Jibu
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
Kadi namba 464
Swali
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
Jibu
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
Kadi namba 465
Swali
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
Jibu
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
Kadi namba 466
Swali
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
Jibu
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
Kadi namba 467
Swali
When is
sfc /scannowa useful Windows repair step?Jibu
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
Kadi namba 468
Swali
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
Jibu
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
Kadi namba 469
Swali
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
Jibu
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
Kadi namba 470
Swali
What does a full backup contain?
Jibu
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
Kadi namba 471
Swali
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
Jibu
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
Kadi namba 472
Swali
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
Jibu
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
Kadi namba 473
Swali
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
Jibu
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
Kadi namba 474
Swali
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
Jibu
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
Kadi namba 475
Swali
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
Jibu
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
Kadi namba 476
Swali
What does an incremental backup copy?
Jibu
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
Kadi namba 477
Swali
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
Jibu
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
Kadi namba 478
Swali
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
Jibu
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
Kadi namba 479
Swali
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
Jibu
A
.batfile. VBScript uses.vbsfor older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.Kadi namba 480
Swali
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
Jibu
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
Kadi namba 481
Swali
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
Jibu
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
Kadi namba 482
Swali
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
Jibu
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
Kadi namba 483
Swali
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
Jibu
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
Kadi namba 484
Swali
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
Jibu
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
Kadi namba 485
Swali
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
Jibu
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
Kadi namba 486
Swali
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
Jibu
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
Kadi namba 487
Swali
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
Jibu
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
Kadi namba 488
Swali
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
Jibu
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
Kadi namba 489
Swali
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
Jibu
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
Kadi namba 490
Swali
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
Jibu
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
Kadi namba 491
Swali
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
Jibu
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
Kadi namba 492
Swali
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
Jibu
A PowerShell
.ps1script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.Kadi namba 493
Swali
What does a differential backup copy?
Jibu
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
Kadi namba 494
Swali
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
Jibu
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
Kadi namba 495
Swali
How should loose components be handled and stored?
Jibu
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
Kadi namba 496
Swali
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
Jibu
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
Kadi namba 497
Swali
What is a synthetic full backup?
Jibu
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
Kadi namba 498
Swali
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
Jibu
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
Kadi namba 499
Swali
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
Jibu
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
Kadi namba 500
Swali
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
Jibu
A
.shshell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.Kadi namba 501
Swali
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
Jibu
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
Kadi namba 502
Swali
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
Jibu
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
Kadi namba 503
Swali
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
Jibu
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
Kadi namba 504
Swali
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
Jibu
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
Kadi namba 505
Swali
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
Jibu
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
Kadi namba 506
Swali
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
Jibu
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
Kadi namba 507
Swali
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
Jibu
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python
.pyand JavaScript.jsfiles are common choices when the environment supports them.Kadi namba 508
Swali
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
Jibu
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
Kadi namba 509
Swali
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
Jibu
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
Kadi namba 510
Swali
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
Jibu
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
Kadi namba 511
Swali
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
Jibu
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
Kadi namba 512
Swali
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
Jibu
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
Kadi namba 513
Swali
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
Jibu
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
Kadi namba 514
Swali
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
Jibu
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
Kadi namba 515
Swali
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
Jibu
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
Kadi namba 516
Swali
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
Jibu
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
Kadi namba 517
Swali
How do you know a backup is usable?
Jibu
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
Kadi namba 518
Swali
What closes a well-managed change?
Jibu
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
Kadi namba 519
Swali
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
Jibu
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
Kadi namba 520
Swali
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
Jibu
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.
kadi 520
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
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