What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

Autor Open Study Contributor

O tomto balíčku

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

Kartičky v tomto balíčku

Kartička 1
Otázka
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
Odpověď
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
Kartička 2
Otázka
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
Odpověď
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
Kartička 3
Otázka
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
Odpověď
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
Kartička 4
Otázka
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
Odpověď
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
Kartička 5
Otázka
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
Odpověď
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
Kartička 6
Otázka
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
Odpověď
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
Kartička 7
Otázka
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
Odpověď
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
Kartička 8
Otázka
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
Odpověď
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
Kartička 9
Otázka
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
Odpověď
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
Kartička 10
Otázka
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
Odpověď
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
Kartička 11
Otázka
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
Odpověď
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
Kartička 12
Otázka
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
Odpověď
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
Kartička 13
Otázka
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
Odpověď
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
Kartička 14
Otázka
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
Odpověď
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
Kartička 15
Otázka
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
Odpověď
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
Kartička 16
Otázka
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
Odpověď
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
Kartička 17
Otázka
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
Odpověď
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
Kartička 18
Otázka
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
Odpověď
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
Kartička 19
Otázka
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
Odpověď
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
Kartička 20
Otázka
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
Odpověď
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
Kartička 21
Otázka
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
Odpověď
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
Kartička 22
Otázka
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
Odpověď
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
Kartička 23
Otázka
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
Odpověď
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
Kartička 24
Otázka
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
Odpověď
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
Kartička 25
Otázka
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
Odpověď
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
Kartička 26
Otázka
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
Odpověď
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
Kartička 27
Otázka
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
Odpověď
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
Kartička 28
Otázka
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
Kartička 29
Otázka
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
Odpověď
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
Kartička 30
Otázka
What does mobile device management provide?
Odpověď
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
Kartička 31
Otázka
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
Odpověď
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
Kartička 32
Otázka
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
Odpověď
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
Kartička 33
Otázka
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
Odpověď
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
Kartička 34
Otázka
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
Odpověď
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
Kartička 35
Otázka
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
Odpověď
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
Kartička 36
Otázka
How do TCP and UDP differ?
Odpověď
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
Kartička 37
Otázka
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
Odpověď
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
Kartička 38
Otázka
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
Odpověď
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
Kartička 39
Otázka
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
Odpověď
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
Kartička 40
Otázka
Which port does DNS use?
Odpověď
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
Kartička 41
Otázka
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
Odpověď
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
Kartička 42
Otázka
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
Odpověď
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
Kartička 43
Otázka
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
Odpověď
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
Kartička 44
Otázka
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
Odpověď
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
Kartička 45
Otázka
Which default port does LDAP use?
Odpověď
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
Kartička 46
Otázka
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
Odpověď
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
Kartička 47
Otázka
Which default port does RDP use?
Odpověď
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
Kartička 48
Otázka
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
Odpověď
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
Kartička 49
Otázka
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
Odpověď
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
Kartička 50
Otázka
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
Odpověď
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
Kartička 51
Otázka
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
Odpověď
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
Kartička 52
Otázka
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
Odpověď
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
Kartička 53
Otázka
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
Odpověď
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
Kartička 54
Otázka
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
Odpověď
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
Kartička 55
Otázka
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
Odpověď
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
Kartička 56
Otázka
What is RFID used for?
Odpověď
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
Kartička 57
Otázka
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
Odpověď
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
Kartička 58
Otázka
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
Odpověď
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
Kartička 59
Otázka
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
Odpověď
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
Kartička 60
Otázka
How do mail and web servers differ?
Odpověď
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
Kartička 61
Otázka
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
Odpověď
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
Kartička 62
Otázka
How do AAA and database servers differ?
Odpověď
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
Kartička 63
Otázka
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
Odpověď
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
Kartička 64
Otázka
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
Odpověď
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
Kartička 65
Otázka
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
Odpověď
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
Kartička 66
Otázka
What does SCADA monitor or control?
Odpověď
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
Kartička 67
Otázka
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
Odpověď
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
Kartička 68
Otázka
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
Odpověď
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
Kartička 69
Otázka
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
Odpověď
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
Kartička 70
Otázka
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
Odpověď
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
Kartička 71
Otázka
What does a VPN protect?
Odpověď
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
Kartička 72
Otázka
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
Odpověď
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
Kartička 73
Otázka
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
Odpověď
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
Kartička 74
Otázka
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
Odpověď
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
Kartička 75
Otázka
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
Odpověď
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
Kartička 76
Otázka
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
Odpověď
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
Kartička 77
Otázka
What does a wireless access point do?
Odpověď
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
Kartička 78
Otázka
What is a patch panel's role?
Odpověď
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
Kartička 79
Otázka
What is a firewall's core job?
Odpověď
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
Kartička 80
Otázka
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
Odpověď
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
Kartička 81
Otázka
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
Odpověď
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
Kartička 82
Otázka
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
Odpověď
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
Kartička 83
Otázka
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
Odpověď
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
Kartička 84
Otázka
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
Odpověď
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
Kartička 85
Otázka
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
Odpověď
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
Kartička 86
Otázka
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
Odpověď
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
Kartička 87
Otázka
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
Odpověď
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
Kartička 88
Otázka
What does a default gateway provide?
Odpověď
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
Kartička 89
Otázka
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
Odpověď
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
Kartička 90
Otázka
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
Odpověď
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
Kartička 91
Otázka
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
Odpověď
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
Kartička 92
Otázka
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
Odpověď
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
Kartička 93
Otázka
What is a storage area network?
Odpověď
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
Kartička 94
Otázka
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
Odpověď
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
Kartička 95
Otázka
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
Odpověď
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
Kartička 96
Otázka
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
Odpověď
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
Kartička 97
Otázka
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
Odpověď
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
Kartička 98
Otázka
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
Odpověď
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
Kartička 99
Otázka
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
Odpověď
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
Kartička 100
Otázka
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
Odpověď
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
Kartička 101
Otázka
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
Odpověď
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
Kartička 102
Otázka
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
Odpověď
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
Kartička 103
Otázka
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
Odpověď
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
Kartička 104
Otázka
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
Odpověď
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
Kartička 105
Otázka
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
Odpověď
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
Kartička 106
Otázka
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
Odpověď
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
Kartička 107
Otázka
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
Odpověď
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
Kartička 108
Otázka
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
Odpověď
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
Kartička 109
Otázka
How do DVI and VGA differ?
Odpověď
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
Kartička 110
Otázka
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
Odpověď
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
Kartička 111
Otázka
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
Odpověď
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
Kartička 112
Otázka
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
Odpověď
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
Kartička 113
Otázka
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
Odpověď
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
Kartička 114
Otázka
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
Odpověď
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
Kartička 115
Otázka
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
Odpověď
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
Kartička 116
Otázka
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
Odpověď
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
Kartička 117
Otázka
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
Odpověď
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
Kartička 118
Otázka
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
Odpověď
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
Kartička 119
Otázka
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
Odpověď
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
Kartička 120
Otázka
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
Odpověď
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
Kartička 121
Otázka
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
Odpověď
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
Kartička 122
Otázka
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
Odpověď
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
Kartička 123
Otázka
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
Odpověď
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
Kartička 124
Otázka
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
Odpověď
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
Kartička 125
Otázka
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
Odpověď
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
Kartička 126
Otázka
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
Odpověď
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
Kartička 127
Otázka
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
Odpověď
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
Kartička 128
Otázka
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
Odpověď
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
Kartička 129
Otázka
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
Odpověď
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
Kartička 130
Otázka
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
Odpověď
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
Kartička 131
Otázka
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
Odpověď
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
Kartička 132
Otázka
What does RAID 10 provide?
Odpověď
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
Kartička 133
Otázka
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
Odpověď
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
Kartička 134
Otázka
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
Odpověď
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
Kartička 135
Otázka
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
Odpověď
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
Kartička 136
Otázka
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
Odpověď
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
Kartička 137
Otázka
What does adding CPU cores improve?
Odpověď
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
Kartička 138
Otázka
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
Odpověď
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
Kartička 139
Otázka
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
Odpověď
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
Kartička 140
Otázka
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
Odpověď
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
Kartička 141
Otázka
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
Odpověď
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
Kartička 142
Otázka
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
Odpověď
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
Kartička 143
Otázka
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
Odpověď
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
Kartička 144
Otázka
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
Odpověď
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
Kartička 145
Otázka
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
Odpověď
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
Kartička 146
Otázka
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
Odpověď
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
Kartička 147
Otázka
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
Odpověď
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
Kartička 148
Otázka
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
Odpověď
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
Kartička 149
Otázka
What does a redundant power supply provide?
Odpověď
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
Kartička 150
Otázka
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
Odpověď
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
Kartička 151
Otázka
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
Odpověď
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
Kartička 152
Otázka
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
Odpověď
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
Kartička 153
Otázka
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
Odpověď
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
Kartička 154
Otázka
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
Odpověď
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
Kartička 155
Otázka
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
Odpověď
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
Kartička 156
Otázka
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
Odpověď
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
Kartička 157
Otázka
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
Odpověď
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
Kartička 158
Otázka
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
Odpověď
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
Kartička 159
Otázka
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
Odpověď
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
Kartička 160
Otázka
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
Odpověď
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
Kartička 161
Otázka
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
Odpověď
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
Kartička 162
Otázka
What does printer calibration correct?
Odpověď
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
Kartička 163
Otázka
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
Odpověď
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
Kartička 164
Otázka
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
Odpověď
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
Kartička 165
Otázka
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
Odpověď
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
Kartička 166
Otázka
What is a virtual machine?
Odpověď
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
Kartička 167
Otázka
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
Odpověď
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
Kartička 168
Otázka
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
Odpověď
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
Kartička 169
Otázka
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
Odpověď
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
Kartička 170
Otázka
What does application virtualization do?
Odpověď
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
Kartička 171
Otázka
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
Odpověď
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
Kartička 172
Otázka
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
Odpověď
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
Kartička 173
Otázka
What must be planned for VM networking?
Odpověď
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
Kartička 174
Otázka
What does VDI deliver?
Odpověď
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
Kartička 175
Otázka
What must be planned for VM storage?
Odpověď
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
Kartička 176
Otázka
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
Odpověď
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
Kartička 177
Otázka
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
Odpověď
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
Kartička 178
Otázka
What does a container image provide?
Odpověď
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
Kartička 179
Otázka
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
Odpověď
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
Kartička 180
Otázka
What defines a public cloud?
Odpověď
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
Kartička 181
Otázka
What does IaaS provide?
Odpověď
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
Kartička 182
Otázka
What is cloud elasticity?
Odpověď
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
Kartička 183
Otázka
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
Odpověď
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
Kartička 184
Otázka
What defines a private cloud?
Odpověď
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
Kartička 185
Otázka
What does SaaS provide?
Odpověď
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
Kartička 186
Otázka
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
Odpověď
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
Kartička 187
Otázka
What is high availability designed to reduce?
Odpověď
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
Kartička 188
Otázka
What is a hybrid cloud?
Odpověď
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
Kartička 189
Otázka
What does PaaS provide?
Odpověď
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
Kartička 190
Otázka
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
Odpověď
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
Kartička 191
Otázka
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
Odpověď
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
Kartička 192
Otázka
What is a community cloud?
Odpověď
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
Kartička 193
Otázka
What does FaaS run?
Odpověď
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
Kartička 194
Otázka
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
Odpověď
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
Kartička 195
Otázka
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
Odpověď
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
Kartička 196
Otázka
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
Odpověď
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
Kartička 197
Otázka
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
Odpověď
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
Kartička 198
Otázka
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
Odpověď
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
Kartička 199
Otázka
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
Odpověď
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
Kartička 200
Otázka
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
Odpověď
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
Kartička 201
Otázka
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
Kartička 202
Otázka
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
Odpověď
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
Kartička 203
Otázka
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
Odpověď
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
Kartička 204
Otázka
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
Odpověď
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
Kartička 205
Otázka
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
Kartička 206
Otázka
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
Odpověď
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
Kartička 207
Otázka
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
Odpověď
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
Kartička 208
Otázka
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
Odpověď
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
Kartička 209
Otázka
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
Odpověď
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
Kartička 210
Otázka
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
Odpověď
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
Kartička 211
Otázka
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
Odpověď
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
Kartička 212
Otázka
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
Odpověď
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
Kartička 213
Otázka
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
Odpověď
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
Kartička 214
Otázka
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
Odpověď
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
Kartička 215
Otázka
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
Odpověď
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
Kartička 216
Otázka
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
Kartička 217
Otázka
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
Odpověď
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
Kartička 218
Otázka
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
Kartička 219
Otázka
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
Odpověď
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
Kartička 220
Otázka
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
Odpověď
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
Kartička 221
Otázka
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
Odpověď
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
Kartička 222
Otázka
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
Kartička 223
Otázka
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
Odpověď
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
Kartička 224
Otázka
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
Odpověď
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
Kartička 225
Otázka
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
Kartička 226
Otázka
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
Odpověď
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
Kartička 227
Otázka
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
Odpověď
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
Kartička 228
Otázka
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
Kartička 229
Otázka
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
Odpověď
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
Kartička 230
Otázka
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
Odpověď
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
Kartička 231
Otázka
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
Odpověď
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
Kartička 232
Otázka
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
Odpověď
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
Kartička 233
Otázka
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
Odpověď
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
Kartička 234
Otázka
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
Odpověď
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
Kartička 235
Otázka
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
Odpověď
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
Kartička 236
Otázka
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
Kartička 237
Otázka
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
Kartička 238
Otázka
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
Odpověď
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
Kartička 239
Otázka
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
Kartička 240
Otázka
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
Kartička 241
Otázka
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
Odpověď
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
Kartička 242
Otázka
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
Kartička 243
Otázka
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
Odpověď
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
Kartička 244
Otázka
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
Odpověď
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
Kartička 245
Otázka
Which tools help locate high latency?
Odpověď
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
Kartička 246
Otázka
What signs point to external wireless interference?
Odpověď
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
Kartička 247
Otázka
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
Odpověď
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
Kartička 248
Otázka
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
Odpověď
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
Kartička 249
Otázka
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
Odpověď
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
Kartička 250
Otázka
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
Odpověď
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
Kartička 251
Otázka
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
Odpověď
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
Kartička 252
Otázka
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
Odpověď
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
Kartička 253
Otázka
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
Kartička 254
Otázka
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
Odpověď
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
Kartička 255
Otázka
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
Kartička 256
Otázka
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
Odpověď
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
Kartička 257
Otázka
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
Kartička 258
Otázka
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
Odpověď
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
Kartička 259
Otázka
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
Odpověď
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
Kartička 260
Otázka
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
Odpověď
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
520 kartiček
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
Učit se tento balíček zdarma
Otevře se Nibomo, abyste se mohli začít učit.
Kartička 261
Otázka
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
Kartička 262
Otázka
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
Odpověď
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
Kartička 263
Otázka
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
Kartička 264
Otázka
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
Kartička 265
Otázka
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
Odpověď
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
Kartička 266
Otázka
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
Kartička 267
Otázka
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
Odpověď
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
Kartička 268
Otázka
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
Odpověď
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
Kartička 269
Otázka
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
Kartička 270
Otázka
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
Odpověď
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
Kartička 271
Otázka
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
Odpověď
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
Kartička 272
Otázka
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
Odpověď
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
Kartička 273
Otázka
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
Odpověď
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
Kartička 274
Otázka
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
Odpověď
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
Kartička 275
Otázka
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
Odpověď
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
Kartička 276
Otázka
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
Odpověď
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
Kartička 277
Otázka
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
Odpověď
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
Kartička 278
Otázka
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
Odpověď
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
Kartička 279
Otázka
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
Odpověď
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
Kartička 280
Otázka
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
Odpověď
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
Kartička 281
Otázka
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
Odpověď
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
Kartička 282
Otázka
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
Odpověď
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
Kartička 283
Otázka
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
Odpověď
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
Kartička 284
Otázka
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
Odpověď
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
Kartička 285
Otázka
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
Odpověď
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
Kartička 286
Otázka
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
Odpověď
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
Kartička 287
Otázka
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
Odpověď
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
Kartička 288
Otázka
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
Odpověď
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
Kartička 289
Otázka
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
Odpověď
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
Kartička 290
Otázka
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
Odpověď
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
Kartička 291
Otázka
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
Odpověď
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
Kartička 292
Otázka
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
Odpověď
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
Kartička 293
Otázka
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
Odpověď
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
Kartička 294
Otázka
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
Odpověď
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
Kartička 295
Otázka
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
Odpověď
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
Kartička 296
Otázka
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
Odpověď
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
Kartička 297
Otázka
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
Odpověď
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
Kartička 298
Otázka
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
Odpověď
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
Kartička 299
Otázka
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
Odpověď
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
Kartička 300
Otázka
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
Odpověď
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
Kartička 301
Otázka
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
Odpověď
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
Kartička 302
Otázka
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
Odpověď
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
Kartička 303
Otázka
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
Odpověď
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
Kartička 304
Otázka
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
Odpověď
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
Kartička 305
Otázka
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
Odpověď
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
Kartička 306
Otázka
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
Odpověď
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
Kartička 307
Otázka
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
Odpověď
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
Kartička 308
Otázka
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
Odpověď
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
Kartička 309
Otázka
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
Odpověď
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
Kartička 310
Otázka
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
Odpověď
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
Kartička 311
Otázka
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
Odpověď
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
Kartička 312
Otázka
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
Odpověď
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
Kartička 313
Otázka
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
Odpověď
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
Kartička 314
Otázka
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
Odpověď
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
Kartička 315
Otázka
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
Odpověď
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
Kartička 316
Otázka
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
Odpověď
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
Kartička 317
Otázka
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
Odpověď
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
Kartička 318
Otázka
What does a client VPN connection provide?
Odpověď
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
Kartička 319
Otázka
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
Odpověď
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
Kartička 320
Otázka
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
Odpověď
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
Kartička 321
Otázka
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
Odpověď
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
Kartička 322
Otázka
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
Odpověď
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
Kartička 323
Otázka
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
Odpověď
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
Kartička 324
Otázka
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
Odpověď
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
Kartička 325
Otázka
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
Odpověď
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
Kartička 326
Otázka
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
Odpověď
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
Kartička 327
Otázka
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
Odpověď
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
Kartička 328
Otázka
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
Odpověď
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
Kartička 329
Otázka
What is the safest source for an application installer?
Odpověď
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
Kartička 330
Otázka
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
Odpověď
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
Kartička 331
Otázka
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
Odpověď
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
Kartička 332
Otázka
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
Odpověď
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
Kartička 333
Otázka
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
Odpověď
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
Kartička 334
Otázka
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
Odpověď
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
Kartička 335
Otázka
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
Odpověď
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
Kartička 336
Otázka
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
Odpověď
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
Kartička 337
Otázka
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
Odpověď
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
Kartička 338
Otázka
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
Odpověď
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
Kartička 339
Otázka
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
Odpověď
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
Kartička 340
Otázka
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
Odpověď
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
Kartička 341
Otázka
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
Odpověď
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
Kartička 342
Otázka
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
Odpověď
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
Kartička 343
Otázka
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
Odpověď
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
Kartička 344
Otázka
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
Odpověď
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
Kartička 345
Otázka
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
Odpověď
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
Kartička 346
Otázka
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
Odpověď
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
Kartička 347
Otázka
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
Odpověď
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
Kartička 348
Otázka
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
Odpověď
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
Kartička 349
Otázka
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
Odpověď
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
Kartička 350
Otázka
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
Odpověď
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
Kartička 351
Otázka
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
Odpověď
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
Kartička 352
Otázka
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
Odpověď
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
Kartička 353
Otázka
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
Odpověď
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
Kartička 354
Otázka
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
Odpověď
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
Kartička 355
Otázka
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
Odpověď
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
Kartička 356
Otázka
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
Odpověď
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
Kartička 357
Otázka
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
Odpověď
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
Kartička 358
Otázka
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
Odpověď
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
Kartička 359
Otázka
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
Odpověď
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
Kartička 360
Otázka
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
Odpověď
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
Kartička 361
Otázka
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
Odpověď
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
Kartička 362
Otázka
What does the principle of least privilege require?
Odpověď
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
Kartička 363
Otázka
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
Odpověď
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
Kartička 364
Otázka
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
Odpověď
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
Kartička 365
Otázka
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
Odpověď
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
Kartička 366
Otázka
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
Odpověď
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
Kartička 367
Otázka
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
Odpověď
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
Kartička 368
Otázka
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
Odpověď
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
Kartička 369
Otázka
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
Odpověď
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
Kartička 370
Otázka
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
Odpověď
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
Kartička 371
Otázka
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
Odpověď
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
Kartička 372
Otázka
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
Odpověď
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
Kartička 373
Otázka
What does an access control list decide?
Odpověď
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
Kartička 374
Otázka
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
Odpověď
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
Kartička 375
Otázka
How should router management access be exposed?
Odpověď
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
Kartička 376
Otázka
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
Odpověď
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
Kartička 377
Otázka
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
Odpověď
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
Kartička 378
Otázka
What happens in an on-path attack?
Odpověď
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
Kartička 379
Otázka
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
Odpověď
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
Kartička 380
Otázka
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
Odpověď
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
Kartička 381
Otázka
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
Odpověď
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
Kartička 382
Otázka
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
Odpověď
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
Kartička 383
Otázka
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
Odpověď
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
Kartička 384
Otázka
What makes authentication multifactor?
Odpověď
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
Kartička 385
Otázka
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
Odpověď
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
Kartička 386
Otázka
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
Odpověď
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
Kartička 387
Otázka
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
Odpověď
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
Kartička 388
Otázka
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
Odpověď
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
Kartička 389
Otázka
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
Odpověď
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
Kartička 390
Otázka
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
Odpověď
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
Kartička 391
Otázka
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
Odpověď
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
Kartička 392
Otázka
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
Odpověď
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
Kartička 393
Otázka
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
Odpověď
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
Kartička 394
Otázka
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
Odpověď
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
Kartička 395
Otázka
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
Odpověď
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
Kartička 396
Otázka
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
Odpověď
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
Kartička 397
Otázka
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
Odpověď
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
Kartička 398
Otázka
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
Odpověď
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
Kartička 399
Otázka
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
Odpověď
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
Kartička 400
Otázka
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
Odpověď
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
Kartička 401
Otázka
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
Odpověď
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
Kartička 402
Otázka
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
Odpověď
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
Kartička 403
Otázka
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
Odpověď
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
Kartička 404
Otázka
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
Odpověď
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
Kartička 405
Otázka
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
Odpověď
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
Kartička 406
Otázka
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
Odpověď
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
Kartička 407
Otázka
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
Odpověď
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
Kartička 408
Otázka
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
Odpověď
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
Kartička 409
Otázka
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
Odpověď
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
Kartička 410
Otázka
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
Odpověď
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
Kartička 411
Otázka
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
Odpověď
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
Kartička 412
Otázka
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
Odpověď
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
Kartička 413
Otázka
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
Odpověď
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
Kartička 414
Otázka
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
Odpověď
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
Kartička 415
Otázka
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
Odpověď
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
Kartička 416
Otázka
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
Odpověď
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
Kartička 417
Otázka
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
Odpověď
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
Kartička 418
Otázka
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
Odpověď
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
Kartička 419
Otázka
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
Odpověď
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
Kartička 420
Otázka
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
Odpověď
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
Kartička 421
Otázka
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
Odpověď
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
Kartička 422
Otázka
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
Odpověď
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
Kartička 423
Otázka
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
Odpověď
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
Kartička 424
Otázka
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
Odpověď
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
Kartička 425
Otázka
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
Odpověď
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
Kartička 426
Otázka
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
Odpověď
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
Kartička 427
Otázka
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
Odpověď
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
Kartička 428
Otázka
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
Odpověď
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
Kartička 429
Otázka
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
Kartička 430
Otázka
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
Odpověď
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
Kartička 431
Otázka
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
Odpověď
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
Kartička 432
Otázka
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
Odpověď
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
Kartička 433
Otázka
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
Odpověď
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
Kartička 434
Otázka
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
Odpověď
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
Kartička 435
Otázka
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
Odpověď
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
Kartička 436
Otázka
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
Odpověď
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
Kartička 437
Otázka
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
Odpověď
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
Kartička 438
Otázka
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
Odpověď
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
Kartička 439
Otázka
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
Odpověď
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
Kartička 440
Otázka
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
Odpověď
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
Kartička 441
Otázka
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
Odpověď
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
Kartička 442
Otázka
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
Odpověď
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
Kartička 443
Otázka
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
Odpověď
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
Kartička 444
Otázka
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
Odpověď
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
Kartička 445
Otázka
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
Odpověď
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
Kartička 446
Otázka
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
Odpověď
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
Kartička 447
Otázka
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
Odpověď
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
Kartička 448
Otázka
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
Odpověď
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
Kartička 449
Otázka
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
Odpověď
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
Kartička 450
Otázka
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
Odpověď
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
Kartička 451
Otázka
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
Odpověď
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
Kartička 452
Otázka
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
Odpověď
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
Kartička 453
Otázka
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
Odpověď
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
Kartička 454
Otázka
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
Odpověď
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
Kartička 455
Otázka
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
Odpověď
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
Kartička 456
Otázka
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
Odpověď
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
Kartička 457
Otázka
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
Odpověď
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
Kartička 458
Otázka
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
Odpověď
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
Kartička 459
Otázka
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
Odpověď
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
Kartička 460
Otázka
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
Odpověď
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
Kartička 461
Otázka
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
Odpověď
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
Kartička 462
Otázka
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
Odpověď
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
Kartička 463
Otázka
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
Odpověď
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
Kartička 464
Otázka
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
Odpověď
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
Kartička 465
Otázka
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
Odpověď
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
Kartička 466
Otázka
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
Odpověď
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
Kartička 467
Otázka
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
Odpověď
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
Kartička 468
Otázka
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
Odpověď
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
Kartička 469
Otázka
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
Odpověď
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
Kartička 470
Otázka
What does a full backup contain?
Odpověď
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
Kartička 471
Otázka
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
Odpověď
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
Kartička 472
Otázka
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
Odpověď
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
Kartička 473
Otázka
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
Odpověď
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
Kartička 474
Otázka
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
Odpověď
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
Kartička 475
Otázka
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
Odpověď
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
Kartička 476
Otázka
What does an incremental backup copy?
Odpověď
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
Kartička 477
Otázka
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
Odpověď
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
Kartička 478
Otázka
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
Odpověď
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
Kartička 479
Otázka
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
Odpověď
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
Kartička 480
Otázka
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
Odpověď
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
Kartička 481
Otázka
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
Odpověď
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
Kartička 482
Otázka
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
Odpověď
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
Kartička 483
Otázka
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
Odpověď
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
Kartička 484
Otázka
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
Odpověď
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
Kartička 485
Otázka
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
Odpověď
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
Kartička 486
Otázka
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
Odpověď
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
Kartička 487
Otázka
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
Odpověď
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
Kartička 488
Otázka
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
Odpověď
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
Kartička 489
Otázka
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
Odpověď
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
Kartička 490
Otázka
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
Odpověď
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
Kartička 491
Otázka
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
Odpověď
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
Kartička 492
Otázka
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
Odpověď
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
Kartička 493
Otázka
What does a differential backup copy?
Odpověď
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
Kartička 494
Otázka
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
Odpověď
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
Kartička 495
Otázka
How should loose components be handled and stored?
Odpověď
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
Kartička 496
Otázka
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
Odpověď
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
Kartička 497
Otázka
What is a synthetic full backup?
Odpověď
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
Kartička 498
Otázka
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
Odpověď
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
Kartička 499
Otázka
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
Odpověď
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
Kartička 500
Otázka
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
Odpověď
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
Kartička 501
Otázka
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
Odpověď
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
Kartička 502
Otázka
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
Odpověď
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
Kartička 503
Otázka
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
Odpověď
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
Kartička 504
Otázka
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
Odpověď
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
Kartička 505
Otázka
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
Odpověď
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
Kartička 506
Otázka
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
Odpověď
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
Kartička 507
Otázka
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
Odpověď
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
Kartička 508
Otázka
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
Odpověď
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
Kartička 509
Otázka
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
Odpověď
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
Kartička 510
Otázka
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
Odpověď
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
Kartička 511
Otázka
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
Odpověď
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
Kartička 512
Otázka
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
Odpověď
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
Kartička 513
Otázka
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
Odpověď
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
Kartička 514
Otázka
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
Odpověď
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
Kartička 515
Otázka
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
Odpověď
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
Kartička 516
Otázka
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
Odpověď
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
Kartička 517
Otázka
How do you know a backup is usable?
Odpověď
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
Kartička 518
Otázka
What closes a well-managed change?
Odpověď
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
Kartička 519
Otázka
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
Odpověď
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
Kartička 520
Otázka
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
Odpověď
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

520 kartiček

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Učit se tento balíček zdarma

Otevře se Nibomo, abyste se mohli začít učit.

O tomto balíčku

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

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