What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

De autorul Open Study Contributor

Despre acest pachet

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

Fișele din acest pachet

Fișa 1
Întrebare
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
Răspuns
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
Fișa 2
Întrebare
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
Răspuns
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
Fișa 3
Întrebare
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
Răspuns
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
Fișa 4
Întrebare
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
Răspuns
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
Fișa 5
Întrebare
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
Răspuns
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
Fișa 6
Întrebare
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
Răspuns
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
Fișa 7
Întrebare
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
Răspuns
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
Fișa 8
Întrebare
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
Răspuns
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
Fișa 9
Întrebare
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
Răspuns
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
Fișa 10
Întrebare
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
Răspuns
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
Fișa 11
Întrebare
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
Răspuns
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
Fișa 12
Întrebare
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
Răspuns
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
Fișa 13
Întrebare
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
Răspuns
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
Fișa 14
Întrebare
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
Răspuns
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
Fișa 15
Întrebare
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
Răspuns
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
Fișa 16
Întrebare
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
Răspuns
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
Fișa 17
Întrebare
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
Răspuns
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
Fișa 18
Întrebare
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
Răspuns
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
Fișa 19
Întrebare
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
Răspuns
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
Fișa 20
Întrebare
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
Răspuns
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
Fișa 21
Întrebare
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
Răspuns
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
Fișa 22
Întrebare
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
Răspuns
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
Fișa 23
Întrebare
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
Răspuns
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
Fișa 24
Întrebare
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
Răspuns
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
Fișa 25
Întrebare
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
Răspuns
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
Fișa 26
Întrebare
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
Răspuns
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
Fișa 27
Întrebare
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
Răspuns
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
Fișa 28
Întrebare
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
Fișa 29
Întrebare
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
Răspuns
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
Fișa 30
Întrebare
What does mobile device management provide?
Răspuns
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
Fișa 31
Întrebare
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
Răspuns
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
Fișa 32
Întrebare
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
Răspuns
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
Fișa 33
Întrebare
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
Răspuns
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
Fișa 34
Întrebare
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
Răspuns
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
Fișa 35
Întrebare
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
Răspuns
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
Fișa 36
Întrebare
How do TCP and UDP differ?
Răspuns
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
Fișa 37
Întrebare
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
Răspuns
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
Fișa 38
Întrebare
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
Răspuns
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
Fișa 39
Întrebare
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
Răspuns
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
Fișa 40
Întrebare
Which port does DNS use?
Răspuns
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
Fișa 41
Întrebare
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
Răspuns
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
Fișa 42
Întrebare
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
Răspuns
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
Fișa 43
Întrebare
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
Răspuns
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
Fișa 44
Întrebare
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
Răspuns
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
Fișa 45
Întrebare
Which default port does LDAP use?
Răspuns
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
Fișa 46
Întrebare
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
Răspuns
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
Fișa 47
Întrebare
Which default port does RDP use?
Răspuns
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
Fișa 48
Întrebare
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
Răspuns
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
Fișa 49
Întrebare
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
Răspuns
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
Fișa 50
Întrebare
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
Răspuns
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
Fișa 51
Întrebare
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
Răspuns
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
Fișa 52
Întrebare
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
Răspuns
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
Fișa 53
Întrebare
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
Răspuns
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
Fișa 54
Întrebare
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
Răspuns
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
Fișa 55
Întrebare
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
Răspuns
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
Fișa 56
Întrebare
What is RFID used for?
Răspuns
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
Fișa 57
Întrebare
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
Răspuns
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
Fișa 58
Întrebare
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
Răspuns
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
Fișa 59
Întrebare
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
Răspuns
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
Fișa 60
Întrebare
How do mail and web servers differ?
Răspuns
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
Fișa 61
Întrebare
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
Răspuns
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
Fișa 62
Întrebare
How do AAA and database servers differ?
Răspuns
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
Fișa 63
Întrebare
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
Răspuns
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
Fișa 64
Întrebare
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
Răspuns
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
Fișa 65
Întrebare
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
Răspuns
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
Fișa 66
Întrebare
What does SCADA monitor or control?
Răspuns
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
Fișa 67
Întrebare
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
Răspuns
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
Fișa 68
Întrebare
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
Răspuns
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
Fișa 69
Întrebare
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
Răspuns
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
Fișa 70
Întrebare
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
Răspuns
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
Fișa 71
Întrebare
What does a VPN protect?
Răspuns
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
Fișa 72
Întrebare
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
Răspuns
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
Fișa 73
Întrebare
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
Răspuns
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
Fișa 74
Întrebare
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
Răspuns
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
Fișa 75
Întrebare
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
Răspuns
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
Fișa 76
Întrebare
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
Răspuns
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
Fișa 77
Întrebare
What does a wireless access point do?
Răspuns
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
Fișa 78
Întrebare
What is a patch panel's role?
Răspuns
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
Fișa 79
Întrebare
What is a firewall's core job?
Răspuns
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
Fișa 80
Întrebare
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
Răspuns
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
Fișa 81
Întrebare
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
Răspuns
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
Fișa 82
Întrebare
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
Răspuns
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
Fișa 83
Întrebare
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
Răspuns
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
Fișa 84
Întrebare
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
Răspuns
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
Fișa 85
Întrebare
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
Răspuns
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
Fișa 86
Întrebare
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
Răspuns
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
Fișa 87
Întrebare
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
Răspuns
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
Fișa 88
Întrebare
What does a default gateway provide?
Răspuns
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
Fișa 89
Întrebare
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
Răspuns
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
Fișa 90
Întrebare
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
Răspuns
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
Fișa 91
Întrebare
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
Răspuns
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
Fișa 92
Întrebare
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
Răspuns
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
Fișa 93
Întrebare
What is a storage area network?
Răspuns
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
Fișa 94
Întrebare
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
Răspuns
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
Fișa 95
Întrebare
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
Răspuns
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
Fișa 96
Întrebare
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
Răspuns
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
Fișa 97
Întrebare
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
Răspuns
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
Fișa 98
Întrebare
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
Răspuns
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
Fișa 99
Întrebare
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
Răspuns
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
Fișa 100
Întrebare
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
Răspuns
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
Fișa 101
Întrebare
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
Răspuns
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
Fișa 102
Întrebare
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
Răspuns
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
Fișa 103
Întrebare
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
Răspuns
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
Fișa 104
Întrebare
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
Răspuns
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
Fișa 105
Întrebare
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
Răspuns
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
Fișa 106
Întrebare
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
Răspuns
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
Fișa 107
Întrebare
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
Răspuns
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
Fișa 108
Întrebare
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
Răspuns
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
Fișa 109
Întrebare
How do DVI and VGA differ?
Răspuns
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
Fișa 110
Întrebare
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
Răspuns
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
Fișa 111
Întrebare
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
Răspuns
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
Fișa 112
Întrebare
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
Răspuns
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
Fișa 113
Întrebare
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
Răspuns
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
Fișa 114
Întrebare
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
Răspuns
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
Fișa 115
Întrebare
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
Răspuns
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
Fișa 116
Întrebare
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
Răspuns
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
Fișa 117
Întrebare
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
Răspuns
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
Fișa 118
Întrebare
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
Răspuns
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
Fișa 119
Întrebare
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
Răspuns
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
Fișa 120
Întrebare
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
Răspuns
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
Fișa 121
Întrebare
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
Răspuns
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
Fișa 122
Întrebare
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
Răspuns
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
Fișa 123
Întrebare
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
Răspuns
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
Fișa 124
Întrebare
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
Răspuns
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
Fișa 125
Întrebare
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
Răspuns
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
Fișa 126
Întrebare
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
Răspuns
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
Fișa 127
Întrebare
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
Răspuns
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
Fișa 128
Întrebare
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
Răspuns
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
Fișa 129
Întrebare
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
Răspuns
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
Fișa 130
Întrebare
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
Răspuns
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
Fișa 131
Întrebare
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
Răspuns
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
Fișa 132
Întrebare
What does RAID 10 provide?
Răspuns
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
Fișa 133
Întrebare
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
Răspuns
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
Fișa 134
Întrebare
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
Răspuns
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
Fișa 135
Întrebare
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
Răspuns
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
Fișa 136
Întrebare
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
Răspuns
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
Fișa 137
Întrebare
What does adding CPU cores improve?
Răspuns
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
Fișa 138
Întrebare
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
Răspuns
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
Fișa 139
Întrebare
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
Răspuns
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
Fișa 140
Întrebare
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
Răspuns
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
Fișa 141
Întrebare
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
Răspuns
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
Fișa 142
Întrebare
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
Răspuns
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
Fișa 143
Întrebare
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
Răspuns
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
Fișa 144
Întrebare
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
Răspuns
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
Fișa 145
Întrebare
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
Răspuns
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
Fișa 146
Întrebare
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
Răspuns
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
Fișa 147
Întrebare
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
Răspuns
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
Fișa 148
Întrebare
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
Răspuns
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
Fișa 149
Întrebare
What does a redundant power supply provide?
Răspuns
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
Fișa 150
Întrebare
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
Răspuns
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
Fișa 151
Întrebare
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
Răspuns
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
Fișa 152
Întrebare
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
Răspuns
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
Fișa 153
Întrebare
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
Răspuns
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
Fișa 154
Întrebare
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
Răspuns
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
Fișa 155
Întrebare
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
Răspuns
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
Fișa 156
Întrebare
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
Răspuns
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
Fișa 157
Întrebare
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
Răspuns
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
Fișa 158
Întrebare
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
Răspuns
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
Fișa 159
Întrebare
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
Răspuns
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
Fișa 160
Întrebare
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
Răspuns
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
Fișa 161
Întrebare
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
Răspuns
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
Fișa 162
Întrebare
What does printer calibration correct?
Răspuns
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
Fișa 163
Întrebare
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
Răspuns
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
Fișa 164
Întrebare
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
Răspuns
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
Fișa 165
Întrebare
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
Răspuns
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
Fișa 166
Întrebare
What is a virtual machine?
Răspuns
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
Fișa 167
Întrebare
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
Răspuns
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
Fișa 168
Întrebare
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
Răspuns
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
Fișa 169
Întrebare
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
Răspuns
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
Fișa 170
Întrebare
What does application virtualization do?
Răspuns
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
Fișa 171
Întrebare
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
Răspuns
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
Fișa 172
Întrebare
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
Răspuns
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
Fișa 173
Întrebare
What must be planned for VM networking?
Răspuns
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
Fișa 174
Întrebare
What does VDI deliver?
Răspuns
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
Fișa 175
Întrebare
What must be planned for VM storage?
Răspuns
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
Fișa 176
Întrebare
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
Răspuns
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
Fișa 177
Întrebare
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
Răspuns
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
Fișa 178
Întrebare
What does a container image provide?
Răspuns
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
Fișa 179
Întrebare
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
Răspuns
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
Fișa 180
Întrebare
What defines a public cloud?
Răspuns
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
Fișa 181
Întrebare
What does IaaS provide?
Răspuns
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
Fișa 182
Întrebare
What is cloud elasticity?
Răspuns
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
Fișa 183
Întrebare
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
Răspuns
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
Fișa 184
Întrebare
What defines a private cloud?
Răspuns
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
Fișa 185
Întrebare
What does SaaS provide?
Răspuns
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
Fișa 186
Întrebare
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
Răspuns
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
Fișa 187
Întrebare
What is high availability designed to reduce?
Răspuns
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
Fișa 188
Întrebare
What is a hybrid cloud?
Răspuns
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
Fișa 189
Întrebare
What does PaaS provide?
Răspuns
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
Fișa 190
Întrebare
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
Răspuns
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
Fișa 191
Întrebare
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
Răspuns
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
Fișa 192
Întrebare
What is a community cloud?
Răspuns
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
Fișa 193
Întrebare
What does FaaS run?
Răspuns
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
Fișa 194
Întrebare
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
Răspuns
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
Fișa 195
Întrebare
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
Răspuns
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
Fișa 196
Întrebare
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
Răspuns
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
Fișa 197
Întrebare
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
Răspuns
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
Fișa 198
Întrebare
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
Răspuns
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
Fișa 199
Întrebare
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
Răspuns
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
Fișa 200
Întrebare
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
Răspuns
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
Fișa 201
Întrebare
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
Fișa 202
Întrebare
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
Răspuns
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
Fișa 203
Întrebare
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
Răspuns
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
Fișa 204
Întrebare
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
Răspuns
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
Fișa 205
Întrebare
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
Fișa 206
Întrebare
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
Răspuns
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
Fișa 207
Întrebare
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
Răspuns
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
Fișa 208
Întrebare
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
Răspuns
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
Fișa 209
Întrebare
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
Răspuns
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
Fișa 210
Întrebare
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
Răspuns
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
Fișa 211
Întrebare
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
Răspuns
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
Fișa 212
Întrebare
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
Răspuns
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
Fișa 213
Întrebare
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
Răspuns
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
Fișa 214
Întrebare
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
Răspuns
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
Fișa 215
Întrebare
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
Răspuns
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
Fișa 216
Întrebare
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
Fișa 217
Întrebare
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
Răspuns
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
Fișa 218
Întrebare
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
Fișa 219
Întrebare
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
Răspuns
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
Fișa 220
Întrebare
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
Răspuns
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
Fișa 221
Întrebare
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
Răspuns
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
Fișa 222
Întrebare
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
Fișa 223
Întrebare
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
Răspuns
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
Fișa 224
Întrebare
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
Răspuns
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
Fișa 225
Întrebare
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
Fișa 226
Întrebare
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
Răspuns
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
Fișa 227
Întrebare
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
Răspuns
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
Fișa 228
Întrebare
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
Fișa 229
Întrebare
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
Răspuns
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
Fișa 230
Întrebare
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
Răspuns
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
Fișa 231
Întrebare
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
Răspuns
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
Fișa 232
Întrebare
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
Răspuns
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
Fișa 233
Întrebare
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
Răspuns
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
Fișa 234
Întrebare
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
Răspuns
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
Fișa 235
Întrebare
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
Răspuns
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
Fișa 236
Întrebare
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
Fișa 237
Întrebare
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
Fișa 238
Întrebare
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
Răspuns
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
Fișa 239
Întrebare
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
Fișa 240
Întrebare
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
Fișa 241
Întrebare
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
Răspuns
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
Fișa 242
Întrebare
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
Fișa 243
Întrebare
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
Răspuns
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
Fișa 244
Întrebare
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
Răspuns
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
Fișa 245
Întrebare
Which tools help locate high latency?
Răspuns
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
Fișa 246
Întrebare
What signs point to external wireless interference?
Răspuns
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
Fișa 247
Întrebare
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
Răspuns
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
Fișa 248
Întrebare
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
Răspuns
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
Fișa 249
Întrebare
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
Răspuns
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
Fișa 250
Întrebare
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
Răspuns
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
Fișa 251
Întrebare
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
Răspuns
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
Fișa 252
Întrebare
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
Răspuns
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
Fișa 253
Întrebare
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
Fișa 254
Întrebare
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
Răspuns
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
Fișa 255
Întrebare
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
Fișa 256
Întrebare
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
Răspuns
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
Fișa 257
Întrebare
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
Fișa 258
Întrebare
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
Răspuns
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
Fișa 259
Întrebare
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
Răspuns
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
Fișa 260
Întrebare
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
Răspuns
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
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Fișa 261
Întrebare
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
Fișa 262
Întrebare
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
Răspuns
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
Fișa 263
Întrebare
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
Fișa 264
Întrebare
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
Fișa 265
Întrebare
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
Răspuns
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
Fișa 266
Întrebare
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
Fișa 267
Întrebare
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
Răspuns
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
Fișa 268
Întrebare
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
Răspuns
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
Fișa 269
Întrebare
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
Fișa 270
Întrebare
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
Răspuns
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
Fișa 271
Întrebare
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
Răspuns
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
Fișa 272
Întrebare
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
Răspuns
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
Fișa 273
Întrebare
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
Răspuns
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
Fișa 274
Întrebare
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
Răspuns
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
Fișa 275
Întrebare
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
Răspuns
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
Fișa 276
Întrebare
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
Răspuns
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
Fișa 277
Întrebare
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
Răspuns
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
Fișa 278
Întrebare
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
Răspuns
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
Fișa 279
Întrebare
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
Răspuns
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
Fișa 280
Întrebare
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
Răspuns
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
Fișa 281
Întrebare
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
Răspuns
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
Fișa 282
Întrebare
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
Răspuns
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
Fișa 283
Întrebare
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
Răspuns
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
Fișa 284
Întrebare
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
Răspuns
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
Fișa 285
Întrebare
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
Răspuns
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
Fișa 286
Întrebare
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
Răspuns
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
Fișa 287
Întrebare
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
Răspuns
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
Fișa 288
Întrebare
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
Răspuns
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
Fișa 289
Întrebare
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
Răspuns
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
Fișa 290
Întrebare
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
Răspuns
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
Fișa 291
Întrebare
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
Răspuns
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
Fișa 292
Întrebare
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
Răspuns
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
Fișa 293
Întrebare
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
Răspuns
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
Fișa 294
Întrebare
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
Răspuns
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
Fișa 295
Întrebare
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
Răspuns
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
Fișa 296
Întrebare
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
Răspuns
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
Fișa 297
Întrebare
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
Răspuns
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
Fișa 298
Întrebare
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
Răspuns
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
Fișa 299
Întrebare
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
Răspuns
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
Fișa 300
Întrebare
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
Răspuns
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
Fișa 301
Întrebare
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
Răspuns
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
Fișa 302
Întrebare
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
Răspuns
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
Fișa 303
Întrebare
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
Răspuns
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
Fișa 304
Întrebare
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
Răspuns
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
Fișa 305
Întrebare
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
Răspuns
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
Fișa 306
Întrebare
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
Răspuns
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
Fișa 307
Întrebare
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
Răspuns
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
Fișa 308
Întrebare
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
Răspuns
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
Fișa 309
Întrebare
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
Răspuns
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
Fișa 310
Întrebare
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
Răspuns
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
Fișa 311
Întrebare
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
Răspuns
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
Fișa 312
Întrebare
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
Răspuns
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
Fișa 313
Întrebare
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
Răspuns
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
Fișa 314
Întrebare
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
Răspuns
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
Fișa 315
Întrebare
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
Răspuns
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
Fișa 316
Întrebare
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
Răspuns
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
Fișa 317
Întrebare
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
Răspuns
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
Fișa 318
Întrebare
What does a client VPN connection provide?
Răspuns
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
Fișa 319
Întrebare
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
Răspuns
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
Fișa 320
Întrebare
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
Răspuns
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
Fișa 321
Întrebare
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
Răspuns
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
Fișa 322
Întrebare
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
Răspuns
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
Fișa 323
Întrebare
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
Răspuns
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
Fișa 324
Întrebare
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
Răspuns
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
Fișa 325
Întrebare
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
Răspuns
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
Fișa 326
Întrebare
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
Răspuns
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
Fișa 327
Întrebare
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
Răspuns
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
Fișa 328
Întrebare
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
Răspuns
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
Fișa 329
Întrebare
What is the safest source for an application installer?
Răspuns
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
Fișa 330
Întrebare
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
Răspuns
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
Fișa 331
Întrebare
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
Răspuns
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
Fișa 332
Întrebare
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
Răspuns
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
Fișa 333
Întrebare
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
Răspuns
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
Fișa 334
Întrebare
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
Răspuns
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
Fișa 335
Întrebare
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
Răspuns
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
Fișa 336
Întrebare
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
Răspuns
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
Fișa 337
Întrebare
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
Răspuns
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
Fișa 338
Întrebare
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
Răspuns
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
Fișa 339
Întrebare
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
Răspuns
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
Fișa 340
Întrebare
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
Răspuns
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
Fișa 341
Întrebare
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
Răspuns
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
Fișa 342
Întrebare
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
Răspuns
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
Fișa 343
Întrebare
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
Răspuns
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
Fișa 344
Întrebare
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
Răspuns
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
Fișa 345
Întrebare
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
Răspuns
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
Fișa 346
Întrebare
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
Răspuns
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
Fișa 347
Întrebare
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
Răspuns
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
Fișa 348
Întrebare
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
Răspuns
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
Fișa 349
Întrebare
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
Răspuns
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
Fișa 350
Întrebare
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
Răspuns
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
Fișa 351
Întrebare
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
Răspuns
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
Fișa 352
Întrebare
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
Răspuns
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
Fișa 353
Întrebare
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
Răspuns
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
Fișa 354
Întrebare
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
Răspuns
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
Fișa 355
Întrebare
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
Răspuns
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
Fișa 356
Întrebare
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
Răspuns
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
Fișa 357
Întrebare
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
Răspuns
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
Fișa 358
Întrebare
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
Răspuns
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
Fișa 359
Întrebare
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
Răspuns
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
Fișa 360
Întrebare
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
Răspuns
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
Fișa 361
Întrebare
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
Răspuns
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
Fișa 362
Întrebare
What does the principle of least privilege require?
Răspuns
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
Fișa 363
Întrebare
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
Răspuns
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
Fișa 364
Întrebare
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
Răspuns
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
Fișa 365
Întrebare
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
Răspuns
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
Fișa 366
Întrebare
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
Răspuns
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
Fișa 367
Întrebare
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
Răspuns
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
Fișa 368
Întrebare
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
Răspuns
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
Fișa 369
Întrebare
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
Răspuns
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
Fișa 370
Întrebare
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
Răspuns
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
Fișa 371
Întrebare
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
Răspuns
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
Fișa 372
Întrebare
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
Răspuns
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
Fișa 373
Întrebare
What does an access control list decide?
Răspuns
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
Fișa 374
Întrebare
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
Răspuns
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
Fișa 375
Întrebare
How should router management access be exposed?
Răspuns
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
Fișa 376
Întrebare
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
Răspuns
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
Fișa 377
Întrebare
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
Răspuns
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
Fișa 378
Întrebare
What happens in an on-path attack?
Răspuns
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
Fișa 379
Întrebare
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
Răspuns
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
Fișa 380
Întrebare
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
Răspuns
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
Fișa 381
Întrebare
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
Răspuns
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
Fișa 382
Întrebare
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
Răspuns
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
Fișa 383
Întrebare
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
Răspuns
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
Fișa 384
Întrebare
What makes authentication multifactor?
Răspuns
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
Fișa 385
Întrebare
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
Răspuns
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
Fișa 386
Întrebare
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
Răspuns
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
Fișa 387
Întrebare
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
Răspuns
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
Fișa 388
Întrebare
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
Răspuns
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
Fișa 389
Întrebare
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
Răspuns
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
Fișa 390
Întrebare
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
Răspuns
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
Fișa 391
Întrebare
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
Răspuns
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
Fișa 392
Întrebare
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
Răspuns
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
Fișa 393
Întrebare
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
Răspuns
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
Fișa 394
Întrebare
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
Răspuns
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
Fișa 395
Întrebare
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
Răspuns
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
Fișa 396
Întrebare
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
Răspuns
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
Fișa 397
Întrebare
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
Răspuns
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
Fișa 398
Întrebare
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
Răspuns
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
Fișa 399
Întrebare
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
Răspuns
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
Fișa 400
Întrebare
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
Răspuns
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
Fișa 401
Întrebare
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
Răspuns
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
Fișa 402
Întrebare
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
Răspuns
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
Fișa 403
Întrebare
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
Răspuns
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
Fișa 404
Întrebare
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
Răspuns
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
Fișa 405
Întrebare
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
Răspuns
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
Fișa 406
Întrebare
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
Răspuns
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
Fișa 407
Întrebare
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
Răspuns
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
Fișa 408
Întrebare
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
Răspuns
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
Fișa 409
Întrebare
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
Răspuns
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
Fișa 410
Întrebare
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
Răspuns
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
Fișa 411
Întrebare
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
Răspuns
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
Fișa 412
Întrebare
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
Răspuns
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
Fișa 413
Întrebare
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
Răspuns
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
Fișa 414
Întrebare
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
Răspuns
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
Fișa 415
Întrebare
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
Răspuns
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
Fișa 416
Întrebare
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
Răspuns
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
Fișa 417
Întrebare
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
Răspuns
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
Fișa 418
Întrebare
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
Răspuns
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
Fișa 419
Întrebare
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
Răspuns
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
Fișa 420
Întrebare
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
Răspuns
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
Fișa 421
Întrebare
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
Răspuns
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
Fișa 422
Întrebare
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
Răspuns
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
Fișa 423
Întrebare
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
Răspuns
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
Fișa 424
Întrebare
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
Răspuns
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
Fișa 425
Întrebare
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
Răspuns
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
Fișa 426
Întrebare
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
Răspuns
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
Fișa 427
Întrebare
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
Răspuns
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
Fișa 428
Întrebare
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
Răspuns
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
Fișa 429
Întrebare
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
Fișa 430
Întrebare
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
Răspuns
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
Fișa 431
Întrebare
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
Răspuns
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
Fișa 432
Întrebare
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
Răspuns
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
Fișa 433
Întrebare
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
Răspuns
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
Fișa 434
Întrebare
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
Răspuns
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
Fișa 435
Întrebare
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
Răspuns
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
Fișa 436
Întrebare
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
Răspuns
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
Fișa 437
Întrebare
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
Răspuns
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
Fișa 438
Întrebare
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
Răspuns
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
Fișa 439
Întrebare
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
Răspuns
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
Fișa 440
Întrebare
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
Răspuns
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
Fișa 441
Întrebare
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
Răspuns
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
Fișa 442
Întrebare
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
Răspuns
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
Fișa 443
Întrebare
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
Răspuns
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
Fișa 444
Întrebare
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
Răspuns
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
Fișa 445
Întrebare
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
Răspuns
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
Fișa 446
Întrebare
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
Răspuns
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
Fișa 447
Întrebare
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
Răspuns
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
Fișa 448
Întrebare
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
Răspuns
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
Fișa 449
Întrebare
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
Răspuns
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
Fișa 450
Întrebare
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
Răspuns
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
Fișa 451
Întrebare
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
Răspuns
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
Fișa 452
Întrebare
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
Răspuns
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
Fișa 453
Întrebare
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
Răspuns
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
Fișa 454
Întrebare
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
Răspuns
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
Fișa 455
Întrebare
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
Răspuns
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
Fișa 456
Întrebare
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
Răspuns
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
Fișa 457
Întrebare
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
Răspuns
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
Fișa 458
Întrebare
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
Răspuns
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
Fișa 459
Întrebare
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
Răspuns
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
Fișa 460
Întrebare
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
Răspuns
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
Fișa 461
Întrebare
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
Răspuns
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
Fișa 462
Întrebare
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
Răspuns
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
Fișa 463
Întrebare
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
Răspuns
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
Fișa 464
Întrebare
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
Răspuns
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
Fișa 465
Întrebare
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
Răspuns
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
Fișa 466
Întrebare
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
Răspuns
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
Fișa 467
Întrebare
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
Răspuns
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
Fișa 468
Întrebare
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
Răspuns
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
Fișa 469
Întrebare
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
Răspuns
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
Fișa 470
Întrebare
What does a full backup contain?
Răspuns
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
Fișa 471
Întrebare
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
Răspuns
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
Fișa 472
Întrebare
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
Răspuns
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
Fișa 473
Întrebare
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
Răspuns
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
Fișa 474
Întrebare
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
Răspuns
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
Fișa 475
Întrebare
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
Răspuns
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
Fișa 476
Întrebare
What does an incremental backup copy?
Răspuns
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
Fișa 477
Întrebare
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
Răspuns
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
Fișa 478
Întrebare
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
Răspuns
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
Fișa 479
Întrebare
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
Răspuns
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
Fișa 480
Întrebare
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
Răspuns
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
Fișa 481
Întrebare
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
Răspuns
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
Fișa 482
Întrebare
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
Răspuns
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
Fișa 483
Întrebare
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
Răspuns
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
Fișa 484
Întrebare
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
Răspuns
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
Fișa 485
Întrebare
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
Răspuns
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
Fișa 486
Întrebare
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
Răspuns
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
Fișa 487
Întrebare
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
Răspuns
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
Fișa 488
Întrebare
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
Răspuns
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
Fișa 489
Întrebare
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
Răspuns
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
Fișa 490
Întrebare
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
Răspuns
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
Fișa 491
Întrebare
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
Răspuns
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
Fișa 492
Întrebare
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
Răspuns
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
Fișa 493
Întrebare
What does a differential backup copy?
Răspuns
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
Fișa 494
Întrebare
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
Răspuns
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
Fișa 495
Întrebare
How should loose components be handled and stored?
Răspuns
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
Fișa 496
Întrebare
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
Răspuns
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
Fișa 497
Întrebare
What is a synthetic full backup?
Răspuns
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
Fișa 498
Întrebare
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
Răspuns
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
Fișa 499
Întrebare
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
Răspuns
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
Fișa 500
Întrebare
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
Răspuns
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
Fișa 501
Întrebare
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
Răspuns
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
Fișa 502
Întrebare
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
Răspuns
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
Fișa 503
Întrebare
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
Răspuns
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
Fișa 504
Întrebare
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
Răspuns
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
Fișa 505
Întrebare
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
Răspuns
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
Fișa 506
Întrebare
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
Răspuns
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
Fișa 507
Întrebare
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
Răspuns
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
Fișa 508
Întrebare
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
Răspuns
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
Fișa 509
Întrebare
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
Răspuns
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
Fișa 510
Întrebare
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
Răspuns
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
Fișa 511
Întrebare
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
Răspuns
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
Fișa 512
Întrebare
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
Răspuns
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
Fișa 513
Întrebare
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
Răspuns
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
Fișa 514
Întrebare
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
Răspuns
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
Fișa 515
Întrebare
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
Răspuns
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
Fișa 516
Întrebare
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
Răspuns
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
Fișa 517
Întrebare
How do you know a backup is usable?
Răspuns
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
Fișa 518
Întrebare
What closes a well-managed change?
Răspuns
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
Fișa 519
Întrebare
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
Răspuns
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
Fișa 520
Întrebare
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
Răspuns
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

520 de fișe

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

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CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

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Learning order

Labs and PBQs

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