What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

Avtor Open Study Contributor

O tem kompletu

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

Kartice v tem kompletu

Kartica 1
Vprašanje
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
Odgovor
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
Kartica 2
Vprašanje
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
Odgovor
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
Kartica 3
Vprašanje
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
Odgovor
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
Kartica 4
Vprašanje
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
Odgovor
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
Kartica 5
Vprašanje
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
Odgovor
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
Kartica 6
Vprašanje
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
Odgovor
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
Kartica 7
Vprašanje
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
Odgovor
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
Kartica 8
Vprašanje
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
Odgovor
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
Kartica 9
Vprašanje
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
Odgovor
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
Kartica 10
Vprašanje
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
Odgovor
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
Kartica 11
Vprašanje
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
Odgovor
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
Kartica 12
Vprašanje
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
Odgovor
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
Kartica 13
Vprašanje
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
Odgovor
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
Kartica 14
Vprašanje
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
Odgovor
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
Kartica 15
Vprašanje
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
Odgovor
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
Kartica 16
Vprašanje
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
Odgovor
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
Kartica 17
Vprašanje
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
Odgovor
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
Kartica 18
Vprašanje
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
Odgovor
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
Kartica 19
Vprašanje
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
Odgovor
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
Kartica 20
Vprašanje
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
Odgovor
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
Kartica 21
Vprašanje
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
Odgovor
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
Kartica 22
Vprašanje
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
Odgovor
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
Kartica 23
Vprašanje
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
Odgovor
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
Kartica 24
Vprašanje
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
Odgovor
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
Kartica 25
Vprašanje
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
Odgovor
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
Kartica 26
Vprašanje
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
Odgovor
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
Kartica 27
Vprašanje
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
Odgovor
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
Kartica 28
Vprašanje
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
Kartica 29
Vprašanje
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
Odgovor
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
Kartica 30
Vprašanje
What does mobile device management provide?
Odgovor
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
Kartica 31
Vprašanje
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
Odgovor
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
Kartica 32
Vprašanje
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
Odgovor
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
Kartica 33
Vprašanje
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
Odgovor
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
Kartica 34
Vprašanje
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
Odgovor
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
Kartica 35
Vprašanje
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
Odgovor
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
Kartica 36
Vprašanje
How do TCP and UDP differ?
Odgovor
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
Kartica 37
Vprašanje
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
Odgovor
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
Kartica 38
Vprašanje
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
Odgovor
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
Kartica 39
Vprašanje
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
Odgovor
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
Kartica 40
Vprašanje
Which port does DNS use?
Odgovor
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
Kartica 41
Vprašanje
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
Odgovor
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
Kartica 42
Vprašanje
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
Odgovor
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
Kartica 43
Vprašanje
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
Odgovor
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
Kartica 44
Vprašanje
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
Odgovor
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
Kartica 45
Vprašanje
Which default port does LDAP use?
Odgovor
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
Kartica 46
Vprašanje
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
Odgovor
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
Kartica 47
Vprašanje
Which default port does RDP use?
Odgovor
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
Kartica 48
Vprašanje
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
Odgovor
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
Kartica 49
Vprašanje
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
Odgovor
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
Kartica 50
Vprašanje
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
Odgovor
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
Kartica 51
Vprašanje
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
Odgovor
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
Kartica 52
Vprašanje
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
Odgovor
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
Kartica 53
Vprašanje
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
Odgovor
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
Kartica 54
Vprašanje
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
Odgovor
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
Kartica 55
Vprašanje
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
Odgovor
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
Kartica 56
Vprašanje
What is RFID used for?
Odgovor
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
Kartica 57
Vprašanje
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
Odgovor
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
Kartica 58
Vprašanje
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
Odgovor
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
Kartica 59
Vprašanje
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
Odgovor
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
Kartica 60
Vprašanje
How do mail and web servers differ?
Odgovor
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
Kartica 61
Vprašanje
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
Odgovor
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
Kartica 62
Vprašanje
How do AAA and database servers differ?
Odgovor
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
Kartica 63
Vprašanje
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
Odgovor
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
Kartica 64
Vprašanje
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
Odgovor
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
Kartica 65
Vprašanje
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
Odgovor
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
Kartica 66
Vprašanje
What does SCADA monitor or control?
Odgovor
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
Kartica 67
Vprašanje
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
Odgovor
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
Kartica 68
Vprašanje
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
Odgovor
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
Kartica 69
Vprašanje
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
Odgovor
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
Kartica 70
Vprašanje
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
Odgovor
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
Kartica 71
Vprašanje
What does a VPN protect?
Odgovor
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
Kartica 72
Vprašanje
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
Odgovor
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
Kartica 73
Vprašanje
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
Odgovor
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
Kartica 74
Vprašanje
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
Odgovor
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
Kartica 75
Vprašanje
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
Odgovor
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
Kartica 76
Vprašanje
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
Odgovor
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
Kartica 77
Vprašanje
What does a wireless access point do?
Odgovor
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
Kartica 78
Vprašanje
What is a patch panel's role?
Odgovor
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
Kartica 79
Vprašanje
What is a firewall's core job?
Odgovor
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
Kartica 80
Vprašanje
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
Odgovor
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
Kartica 81
Vprašanje
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
Odgovor
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
Kartica 82
Vprašanje
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
Odgovor
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
Kartica 83
Vprašanje
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
Odgovor
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
Kartica 84
Vprašanje
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
Odgovor
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
Kartica 85
Vprašanje
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
Odgovor
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
Kartica 86
Vprašanje
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
Odgovor
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
Kartica 87
Vprašanje
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
Odgovor
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
Kartica 88
Vprašanje
What does a default gateway provide?
Odgovor
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
Kartica 89
Vprašanje
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
Odgovor
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
Kartica 90
Vprašanje
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
Odgovor
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
Kartica 91
Vprašanje
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
Odgovor
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
Kartica 92
Vprašanje
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
Odgovor
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
Kartica 93
Vprašanje
What is a storage area network?
Odgovor
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
Kartica 94
Vprašanje
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
Odgovor
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
Kartica 95
Vprašanje
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
Odgovor
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
Kartica 96
Vprašanje
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
Odgovor
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
Kartica 97
Vprašanje
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
Odgovor
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
Kartica 98
Vprašanje
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
Odgovor
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
Kartica 99
Vprašanje
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
Odgovor
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
Kartica 100
Vprašanje
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
Odgovor
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
Kartica 101
Vprašanje
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
Odgovor
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
Kartica 102
Vprašanje
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
Odgovor
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
Kartica 103
Vprašanje
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
Odgovor
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
Kartica 104
Vprašanje
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
Odgovor
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
Kartica 105
Vprašanje
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
Odgovor
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
Kartica 106
Vprašanje
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
Odgovor
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
Kartica 107
Vprašanje
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
Odgovor
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
Kartica 108
Vprašanje
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
Odgovor
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
Kartica 109
Vprašanje
How do DVI and VGA differ?
Odgovor
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
Kartica 110
Vprašanje
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
Odgovor
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
Kartica 111
Vprašanje
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
Odgovor
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
Kartica 112
Vprašanje
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
Odgovor
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
Kartica 113
Vprašanje
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
Odgovor
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
Kartica 114
Vprašanje
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
Odgovor
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
Kartica 115
Vprašanje
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
Odgovor
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
Kartica 116
Vprašanje
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
Odgovor
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
Kartica 117
Vprašanje
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
Odgovor
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
Kartica 118
Vprašanje
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
Odgovor
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
Kartica 119
Vprašanje
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
Odgovor
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
Kartica 120
Vprašanje
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
Odgovor
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
Kartica 121
Vprašanje
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
Odgovor
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
Kartica 122
Vprašanje
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
Odgovor
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
Kartica 123
Vprašanje
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
Odgovor
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
Kartica 124
Vprašanje
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
Odgovor
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
Kartica 125
Vprašanje
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
Odgovor
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
Kartica 126
Vprašanje
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
Odgovor
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
Kartica 127
Vprašanje
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
Odgovor
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
Kartica 128
Vprašanje
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
Odgovor
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
Kartica 129
Vprašanje
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
Odgovor
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
Kartica 130
Vprašanje
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
Odgovor
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
Kartica 131
Vprašanje
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
Odgovor
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
Kartica 132
Vprašanje
What does RAID 10 provide?
Odgovor
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
Kartica 133
Vprašanje
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
Odgovor
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
Kartica 134
Vprašanje
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
Odgovor
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
Kartica 135
Vprašanje
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
Odgovor
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
Kartica 136
Vprašanje
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
Odgovor
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
Kartica 137
Vprašanje
What does adding CPU cores improve?
Odgovor
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
Kartica 138
Vprašanje
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
Odgovor
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
Kartica 139
Vprašanje
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
Odgovor
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
Kartica 140
Vprašanje
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
Odgovor
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
Kartica 141
Vprašanje
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
Odgovor
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
Kartica 142
Vprašanje
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
Odgovor
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
Kartica 143
Vprašanje
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
Odgovor
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
Kartica 144
Vprašanje
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
Odgovor
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
Kartica 145
Vprašanje
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
Odgovor
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
Kartica 146
Vprašanje
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
Odgovor
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
Kartica 147
Vprašanje
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
Odgovor
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
Kartica 148
Vprašanje
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
Odgovor
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
Kartica 149
Vprašanje
What does a redundant power supply provide?
Odgovor
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
Kartica 150
Vprašanje
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
Odgovor
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
Kartica 151
Vprašanje
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
Odgovor
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
Kartica 152
Vprašanje
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
Odgovor
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
Kartica 153
Vprašanje
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
Odgovor
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
Kartica 154
Vprašanje
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
Odgovor
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
Kartica 155
Vprašanje
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
Odgovor
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
Kartica 156
Vprašanje
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
Odgovor
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
Kartica 157
Vprašanje
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
Odgovor
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
Kartica 158
Vprašanje
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
Odgovor
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
Kartica 159
Vprašanje
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
Odgovor
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
Kartica 160
Vprašanje
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
Odgovor
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
Kartica 161
Vprašanje
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
Odgovor
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
Kartica 162
Vprašanje
What does printer calibration correct?
Odgovor
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
Kartica 163
Vprašanje
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
Odgovor
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
Kartica 164
Vprašanje
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
Odgovor
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
Kartica 165
Vprašanje
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
Odgovor
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
Kartica 166
Vprašanje
What is a virtual machine?
Odgovor
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
Kartica 167
Vprašanje
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
Odgovor
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
Kartica 168
Vprašanje
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
Odgovor
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
Kartica 169
Vprašanje
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
Odgovor
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
Kartica 170
Vprašanje
What does application virtualization do?
Odgovor
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
Kartica 171
Vprašanje
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
Odgovor
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
Kartica 172
Vprašanje
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
Odgovor
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
Kartica 173
Vprašanje
What must be planned for VM networking?
Odgovor
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
Kartica 174
Vprašanje
What does VDI deliver?
Odgovor
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
Kartica 175
Vprašanje
What must be planned for VM storage?
Odgovor
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
Kartica 176
Vprašanje
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
Odgovor
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
Kartica 177
Vprašanje
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
Odgovor
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
Kartica 178
Vprašanje
What does a container image provide?
Odgovor
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
Kartica 179
Vprašanje
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
Odgovor
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
Kartica 180
Vprašanje
What defines a public cloud?
Odgovor
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
Kartica 181
Vprašanje
What does IaaS provide?
Odgovor
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
Kartica 182
Vprašanje
What is cloud elasticity?
Odgovor
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
Kartica 183
Vprašanje
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
Odgovor
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
Kartica 184
Vprašanje
What defines a private cloud?
Odgovor
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
Kartica 185
Vprašanje
What does SaaS provide?
Odgovor
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
Kartica 186
Vprašanje
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
Odgovor
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
Kartica 187
Vprašanje
What is high availability designed to reduce?
Odgovor
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
Kartica 188
Vprašanje
What is a hybrid cloud?
Odgovor
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
Kartica 189
Vprašanje
What does PaaS provide?
Odgovor
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
Kartica 190
Vprašanje
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
Odgovor
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
Kartica 191
Vprašanje
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
Odgovor
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
Kartica 192
Vprašanje
What is a community cloud?
Odgovor
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
Kartica 193
Vprašanje
What does FaaS run?
Odgovor
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
Kartica 194
Vprašanje
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
Odgovor
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
Kartica 195
Vprašanje
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
Odgovor
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
Kartica 196
Vprašanje
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
Odgovor
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
Kartica 197
Vprašanje
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
Odgovor
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
Kartica 198
Vprašanje
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
Odgovor
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
Kartica 199
Vprašanje
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
Odgovor
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
Kartica 200
Vprašanje
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
Odgovor
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
Kartica 201
Vprašanje
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
Kartica 202
Vprašanje
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
Odgovor
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
Kartica 203
Vprašanje
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
Odgovor
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
Kartica 204
Vprašanje
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
Odgovor
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
Kartica 205
Vprašanje
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
Kartica 206
Vprašanje
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
Odgovor
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
Kartica 207
Vprašanje
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
Odgovor
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
Kartica 208
Vprašanje
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
Odgovor
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
Kartica 209
Vprašanje
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
Odgovor
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
Kartica 210
Vprašanje
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
Odgovor
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
Kartica 211
Vprašanje
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
Odgovor
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
Kartica 212
Vprašanje
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
Odgovor
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
Kartica 213
Vprašanje
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
Odgovor
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
Kartica 214
Vprašanje
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
Odgovor
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
Kartica 215
Vprašanje
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
Odgovor
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
Kartica 216
Vprašanje
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
Kartica 217
Vprašanje
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
Odgovor
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
Kartica 218
Vprašanje
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
Kartica 219
Vprašanje
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
Odgovor
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
Kartica 220
Vprašanje
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
Odgovor
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
Kartica 221
Vprašanje
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
Odgovor
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
Kartica 222
Vprašanje
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
Kartica 223
Vprašanje
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
Odgovor
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
Kartica 224
Vprašanje
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
Odgovor
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
Kartica 225
Vprašanje
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
Kartica 226
Vprašanje
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
Odgovor
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
Kartica 227
Vprašanje
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
Odgovor
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
Kartica 228
Vprašanje
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
Kartica 229
Vprašanje
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
Odgovor
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
Kartica 230
Vprašanje
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
Odgovor
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
Kartica 231
Vprašanje
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
Odgovor
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
Kartica 232
Vprašanje
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
Odgovor
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
Kartica 233
Vprašanje
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
Odgovor
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
Kartica 234
Vprašanje
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
Odgovor
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
Kartica 235
Vprašanje
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
Odgovor
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
Kartica 236
Vprašanje
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
Kartica 237
Vprašanje
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
Kartica 238
Vprašanje
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
Odgovor
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
Kartica 239
Vprašanje
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
Kartica 240
Vprašanje
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
Kartica 241
Vprašanje
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
Odgovor
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
Kartica 242
Vprašanje
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
Kartica 243
Vprašanje
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
Odgovor
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
Kartica 244
Vprašanje
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
Odgovor
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
Kartica 245
Vprašanje
Which tools help locate high latency?
Odgovor
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
Kartica 246
Vprašanje
What signs point to external wireless interference?
Odgovor
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
Kartica 247
Vprašanje
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
Odgovor
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
Kartica 248
Vprašanje
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
Odgovor
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
Kartica 249
Vprašanje
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
Odgovor
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
Kartica 250
Vprašanje
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
Odgovor
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
Kartica 251
Vprašanje
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
Odgovor
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
Kartica 252
Vprašanje
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
Odgovor
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
Kartica 253
Vprašanje
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
Kartica 254
Vprašanje
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
Odgovor
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
Kartica 255
Vprašanje
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
Kartica 256
Vprašanje
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
Odgovor
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
Kartica 257
Vprašanje
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
Kartica 258
Vprašanje
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
Odgovor
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
Kartica 259
Vprašanje
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
Odgovor
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
Kartica 260
Vprašanje
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
Odgovor
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
520 kartic
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
Brezplačno se učite s tem kompletom
Nibomo se odpre, da lahko začnete z učenjem.
Kartica 261
Vprašanje
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
Kartica 262
Vprašanje
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
Odgovor
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
Kartica 263
Vprašanje
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
Kartica 264
Vprašanje
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
Kartica 265
Vprašanje
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
Odgovor
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
Kartica 266
Vprašanje
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
Kartica 267
Vprašanje
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
Odgovor
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
Kartica 268
Vprašanje
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
Odgovor
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
Kartica 269
Vprašanje
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
Kartica 270
Vprašanje
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
Odgovor
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
Kartica 271
Vprašanje
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
Odgovor
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
Kartica 272
Vprašanje
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
Odgovor
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
Kartica 273
Vprašanje
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
Odgovor
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
Kartica 274
Vprašanje
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
Odgovor
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
Kartica 275
Vprašanje
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
Odgovor
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
Kartica 276
Vprašanje
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
Odgovor
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
Kartica 277
Vprašanje
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
Odgovor
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
Kartica 278
Vprašanje
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
Odgovor
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
Kartica 279
Vprašanje
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
Odgovor
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
Kartica 280
Vprašanje
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
Odgovor
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
Kartica 281
Vprašanje
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
Odgovor
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
Kartica 282
Vprašanje
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
Odgovor
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
Kartica 283
Vprašanje
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
Odgovor
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
Kartica 284
Vprašanje
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
Odgovor
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
Kartica 285
Vprašanje
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
Odgovor
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
Kartica 286
Vprašanje
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
Odgovor
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
Kartica 287
Vprašanje
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
Odgovor
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
Kartica 288
Vprašanje
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
Odgovor
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
Kartica 289
Vprašanje
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
Odgovor
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
Kartica 290
Vprašanje
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
Odgovor
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
Kartica 291
Vprašanje
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
Odgovor
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
Kartica 292
Vprašanje
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
Odgovor
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
Kartica 293
Vprašanje
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
Odgovor
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
Kartica 294
Vprašanje
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
Odgovor
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
Kartica 295
Vprašanje
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
Odgovor
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
Kartica 296
Vprašanje
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
Odgovor
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
Kartica 297
Vprašanje
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
Odgovor
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
Kartica 298
Vprašanje
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
Odgovor
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
Kartica 299
Vprašanje
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
Odgovor
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
Kartica 300
Vprašanje
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
Odgovor
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
Kartica 301
Vprašanje
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
Odgovor
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
Kartica 302
Vprašanje
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
Odgovor
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
Kartica 303
Vprašanje
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
Odgovor
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
Kartica 304
Vprašanje
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
Odgovor
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
Kartica 305
Vprašanje
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
Odgovor
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
Kartica 306
Vprašanje
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
Odgovor
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
Kartica 307
Vprašanje
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
Odgovor
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
Kartica 308
Vprašanje
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
Odgovor
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
Kartica 309
Vprašanje
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
Odgovor
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
Kartica 310
Vprašanje
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
Odgovor
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
Kartica 311
Vprašanje
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
Odgovor
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
Kartica 312
Vprašanje
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
Odgovor
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
Kartica 313
Vprašanje
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
Odgovor
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
Kartica 314
Vprašanje
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
Odgovor
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
Kartica 315
Vprašanje
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
Odgovor
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
Kartica 316
Vprašanje
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
Odgovor
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
Kartica 317
Vprašanje
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
Odgovor
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
Kartica 318
Vprašanje
What does a client VPN connection provide?
Odgovor
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
Kartica 319
Vprašanje
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
Odgovor
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
Kartica 320
Vprašanje
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
Odgovor
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
Kartica 321
Vprašanje
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
Odgovor
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
Kartica 322
Vprašanje
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
Odgovor
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
Kartica 323
Vprašanje
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
Odgovor
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
Kartica 324
Vprašanje
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
Odgovor
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
Kartica 325
Vprašanje
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
Odgovor
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
Kartica 326
Vprašanje
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
Odgovor
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
Kartica 327
Vprašanje
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
Odgovor
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
Kartica 328
Vprašanje
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
Odgovor
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
Kartica 329
Vprašanje
What is the safest source for an application installer?
Odgovor
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
Kartica 330
Vprašanje
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
Odgovor
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
Kartica 331
Vprašanje
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
Odgovor
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
Kartica 332
Vprašanje
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
Odgovor
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
Kartica 333
Vprašanje
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
Odgovor
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
Kartica 334
Vprašanje
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
Odgovor
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
Kartica 335
Vprašanje
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
Odgovor
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
Kartica 336
Vprašanje
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
Odgovor
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
Kartica 337
Vprašanje
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
Odgovor
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
Kartica 338
Vprašanje
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
Odgovor
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
Kartica 339
Vprašanje
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
Odgovor
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
Kartica 340
Vprašanje
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
Odgovor
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
Kartica 341
Vprašanje
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
Odgovor
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
Kartica 342
Vprašanje
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
Odgovor
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
Kartica 343
Vprašanje
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
Odgovor
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
Kartica 344
Vprašanje
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
Odgovor
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
Kartica 345
Vprašanje
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
Odgovor
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
Kartica 346
Vprašanje
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
Odgovor
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
Kartica 347
Vprašanje
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
Odgovor
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
Kartica 348
Vprašanje
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
Odgovor
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
Kartica 349
Vprašanje
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
Odgovor
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
Kartica 350
Vprašanje
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
Odgovor
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
Kartica 351
Vprašanje
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
Odgovor
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
Kartica 352
Vprašanje
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
Odgovor
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
Kartica 353
Vprašanje
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
Odgovor
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
Kartica 354
Vprašanje
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
Odgovor
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
Kartica 355
Vprašanje
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
Odgovor
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
Kartica 356
Vprašanje
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
Odgovor
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
Kartica 357
Vprašanje
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
Odgovor
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
Kartica 358
Vprašanje
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
Odgovor
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
Kartica 359
Vprašanje
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
Odgovor
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
Kartica 360
Vprašanje
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
Odgovor
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
Kartica 361
Vprašanje
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
Odgovor
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
Kartica 362
Vprašanje
What does the principle of least privilege require?
Odgovor
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
Kartica 363
Vprašanje
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
Odgovor
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
Kartica 364
Vprašanje
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
Odgovor
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
Kartica 365
Vprašanje
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
Odgovor
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
Kartica 366
Vprašanje
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
Odgovor
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
Kartica 367
Vprašanje
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
Odgovor
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
Kartica 368
Vprašanje
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
Odgovor
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
Kartica 369
Vprašanje
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
Odgovor
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
Kartica 370
Vprašanje
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
Odgovor
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
Kartica 371
Vprašanje
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
Odgovor
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
Kartica 372
Vprašanje
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
Odgovor
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
Kartica 373
Vprašanje
What does an access control list decide?
Odgovor
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
Kartica 374
Vprašanje
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
Odgovor
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
Kartica 375
Vprašanje
How should router management access be exposed?
Odgovor
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
Kartica 376
Vprašanje
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
Odgovor
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
Kartica 377
Vprašanje
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
Odgovor
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
Kartica 378
Vprašanje
What happens in an on-path attack?
Odgovor
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
Kartica 379
Vprašanje
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
Odgovor
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
Kartica 380
Vprašanje
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
Odgovor
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
Kartica 381
Vprašanje
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
Odgovor
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
Kartica 382
Vprašanje
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
Odgovor
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
Kartica 383
Vprašanje
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
Odgovor
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
Kartica 384
Vprašanje
What makes authentication multifactor?
Odgovor
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
Kartica 385
Vprašanje
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
Odgovor
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
Kartica 386
Vprašanje
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
Odgovor
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
Kartica 387
Vprašanje
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
Odgovor
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
Kartica 388
Vprašanje
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
Odgovor
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
Kartica 389
Vprašanje
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
Odgovor
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
Kartica 390
Vprašanje
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
Odgovor
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
Kartica 391
Vprašanje
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
Odgovor
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
Kartica 392
Vprašanje
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
Odgovor
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
Kartica 393
Vprašanje
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
Odgovor
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
Kartica 394
Vprašanje
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
Odgovor
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
Kartica 395
Vprašanje
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
Odgovor
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
Kartica 396
Vprašanje
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
Odgovor
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
Kartica 397
Vprašanje
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
Odgovor
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
Kartica 398
Vprašanje
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
Odgovor
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
Kartica 399
Vprašanje
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
Odgovor
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
Kartica 400
Vprašanje
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
Odgovor
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
Kartica 401
Vprašanje
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
Odgovor
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
Kartica 402
Vprašanje
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
Odgovor
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
Kartica 403
Vprašanje
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
Odgovor
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
Kartica 404
Vprašanje
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
Odgovor
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
Kartica 405
Vprašanje
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
Odgovor
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
Kartica 406
Vprašanje
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
Odgovor
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
Kartica 407
Vprašanje
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
Odgovor
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
Kartica 408
Vprašanje
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
Odgovor
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
Kartica 409
Vprašanje
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
Odgovor
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
Kartica 410
Vprašanje
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
Odgovor
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
Kartica 411
Vprašanje
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
Odgovor
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
Kartica 412
Vprašanje
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
Odgovor
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
Kartica 413
Vprašanje
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
Odgovor
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
Kartica 414
Vprašanje
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
Odgovor
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
Kartica 415
Vprašanje
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
Odgovor
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
Kartica 416
Vprašanje
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
Odgovor
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
Kartica 417
Vprašanje
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
Odgovor
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
Kartica 418
Vprašanje
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
Odgovor
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
Kartica 419
Vprašanje
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
Odgovor
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
Kartica 420
Vprašanje
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
Odgovor
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
Kartica 421
Vprašanje
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
Odgovor
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
Kartica 422
Vprašanje
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
Odgovor
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
Kartica 423
Vprašanje
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
Odgovor
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
Kartica 424
Vprašanje
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
Odgovor
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
Kartica 425
Vprašanje
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
Odgovor
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
Kartica 426
Vprašanje
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
Odgovor
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
Kartica 427
Vprašanje
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
Odgovor
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
Kartica 428
Vprašanje
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
Odgovor
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
Kartica 429
Vprašanje
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
Kartica 430
Vprašanje
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
Odgovor
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
Kartica 431
Vprašanje
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
Odgovor
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
Kartica 432
Vprašanje
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
Odgovor
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
Kartica 433
Vprašanje
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
Odgovor
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
Kartica 434
Vprašanje
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
Odgovor
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
Kartica 435
Vprašanje
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
Odgovor
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
Kartica 436
Vprašanje
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
Odgovor
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
Kartica 437
Vprašanje
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
Odgovor
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
Kartica 438
Vprašanje
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
Odgovor
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
Kartica 439
Vprašanje
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
Odgovor
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
Kartica 440
Vprašanje
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
Odgovor
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
Kartica 441
Vprašanje
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
Odgovor
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
Kartica 442
Vprašanje
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
Odgovor
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
Kartica 443
Vprašanje
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
Odgovor
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
Kartica 444
Vprašanje
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
Odgovor
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
Kartica 445
Vprašanje
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
Odgovor
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
Kartica 446
Vprašanje
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
Odgovor
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
Kartica 447
Vprašanje
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
Odgovor
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
Kartica 448
Vprašanje
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
Odgovor
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
Kartica 449
Vprašanje
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
Odgovor
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
Kartica 450
Vprašanje
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
Odgovor
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
Kartica 451
Vprašanje
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
Odgovor
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
Kartica 452
Vprašanje
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
Odgovor
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
Kartica 453
Vprašanje
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
Odgovor
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
Kartica 454
Vprašanje
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
Odgovor
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
Kartica 455
Vprašanje
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
Odgovor
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
Kartica 456
Vprašanje
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
Odgovor
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
Kartica 457
Vprašanje
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
Odgovor
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
Kartica 458
Vprašanje
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
Odgovor
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
Kartica 459
Vprašanje
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
Odgovor
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
Kartica 460
Vprašanje
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
Odgovor
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
Kartica 461
Vprašanje
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
Odgovor
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
Kartica 462
Vprašanje
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
Odgovor
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
Kartica 463
Vprašanje
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
Odgovor
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
Kartica 464
Vprašanje
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
Odgovor
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
Kartica 465
Vprašanje
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
Odgovor
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
Kartica 466
Vprašanje
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
Odgovor
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
Kartica 467
Vprašanje
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
Odgovor
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
Kartica 468
Vprašanje
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
Odgovor
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
Kartica 469
Vprašanje
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
Odgovor
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
Kartica 470
Vprašanje
What does a full backup contain?
Odgovor
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
Kartica 471
Vprašanje
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
Odgovor
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
Kartica 472
Vprašanje
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
Odgovor
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
Kartica 473
Vprašanje
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
Odgovor
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
Kartica 474
Vprašanje
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
Odgovor
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
Kartica 475
Vprašanje
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
Odgovor
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
Kartica 476
Vprašanje
What does an incremental backup copy?
Odgovor
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
Kartica 477
Vprašanje
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
Odgovor
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
Kartica 478
Vprašanje
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
Odgovor
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
Kartica 479
Vprašanje
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
Odgovor
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
Kartica 480
Vprašanje
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
Odgovor
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
Kartica 481
Vprašanje
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
Odgovor
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
Kartica 482
Vprašanje
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
Odgovor
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
Kartica 483
Vprašanje
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
Odgovor
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
Kartica 484
Vprašanje
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
Odgovor
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
Kartica 485
Vprašanje
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
Odgovor
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
Kartica 486
Vprašanje
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
Odgovor
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
Kartica 487
Vprašanje
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
Odgovor
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
Kartica 488
Vprašanje
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
Odgovor
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
Kartica 489
Vprašanje
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
Odgovor
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
Kartica 490
Vprašanje
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
Odgovor
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
Kartica 491
Vprašanje
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
Odgovor
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
Kartica 492
Vprašanje
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
Odgovor
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
Kartica 493
Vprašanje
What does a differential backup copy?
Odgovor
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
Kartica 494
Vprašanje
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
Odgovor
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
Kartica 495
Vprašanje
How should loose components be handled and stored?
Odgovor
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
Kartica 496
Vprašanje
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
Odgovor
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
Kartica 497
Vprašanje
What is a synthetic full backup?
Odgovor
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
Kartica 498
Vprašanje
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
Odgovor
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
Kartica 499
Vprašanje
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
Odgovor
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
Kartica 500
Vprašanje
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
Odgovor
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
Kartica 501
Vprašanje
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
Odgovor
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
Kartica 502
Vprašanje
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
Odgovor
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
Kartica 503
Vprašanje
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
Odgovor
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
Kartica 504
Vprašanje
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
Odgovor
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
Kartica 505
Vprašanje
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
Odgovor
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
Kartica 506
Vprašanje
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
Odgovor
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
Kartica 507
Vprašanje
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
Odgovor
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
Kartica 508
Vprašanje
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
Odgovor
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
Kartica 509
Vprašanje
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
Odgovor
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
Kartica 510
Vprašanje
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
Odgovor
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
Kartica 511
Vprašanje
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
Odgovor
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
Kartica 512
Vprašanje
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
Odgovor
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
Kartica 513
Vprašanje
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
Odgovor
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
Kartica 514
Vprašanje
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
Odgovor
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
Kartica 515
Vprašanje
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
Odgovor
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
Kartica 516
Vprašanje
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
Odgovor
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
Kartica 517
Vprašanje
How do you know a backup is usable?
Odgovor
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
Kartica 518
Vprašanje
What closes a well-managed change?
Odgovor
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
Kartica 519
Vprašanje
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
Odgovor
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
Kartica 520
Vprašanje
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
Odgovor
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

520 kartic

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Brezplačno se učite s tem kompletom

Nibomo se odpre, da lahko začnete z učenjem.

O tem kompletu

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

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