What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

Autor Open Study Contributor

O tej talii

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

Karty w tej talii

Karta 1
Pytanie
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
Odpowiedź
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
Karta 2
Pytanie
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
Odpowiedź
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
Karta 3
Pytanie
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
Odpowiedź
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
Karta 4
Pytanie
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
Odpowiedź
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
Karta 5
Pytanie
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
Odpowiedź
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
Karta 6
Pytanie
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
Odpowiedź
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
Karta 7
Pytanie
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
Odpowiedź
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
Karta 8
Pytanie
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
Odpowiedź
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
Karta 9
Pytanie
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
Odpowiedź
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
Karta 10
Pytanie
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
Odpowiedź
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
Karta 11
Pytanie
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
Odpowiedź
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
Karta 12
Pytanie
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
Odpowiedź
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
Karta 13
Pytanie
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
Odpowiedź
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
Karta 14
Pytanie
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
Odpowiedź
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
Karta 15
Pytanie
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
Odpowiedź
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
Karta 16
Pytanie
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
Odpowiedź
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
Karta 17
Pytanie
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
Odpowiedź
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
Karta 18
Pytanie
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
Odpowiedź
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
Karta 19
Pytanie
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
Odpowiedź
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
Karta 20
Pytanie
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
Odpowiedź
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
Karta 21
Pytanie
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
Odpowiedź
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
Karta 22
Pytanie
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
Odpowiedź
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
Karta 23
Pytanie
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
Odpowiedź
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
Karta 24
Pytanie
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
Odpowiedź
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
Karta 25
Pytanie
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
Odpowiedź
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
Karta 26
Pytanie
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
Odpowiedź
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
Karta 27
Pytanie
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
Odpowiedź
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
Karta 28
Pytanie
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
Karta 29
Pytanie
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
Odpowiedź
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
Karta 30
Pytanie
What does mobile device management provide?
Odpowiedź
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
Karta 31
Pytanie
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
Odpowiedź
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
Karta 32
Pytanie
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
Odpowiedź
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
Karta 33
Pytanie
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
Odpowiedź
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
Karta 34
Pytanie
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
Odpowiedź
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
Karta 35
Pytanie
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
Odpowiedź
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
Karta 36
Pytanie
How do TCP and UDP differ?
Odpowiedź
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
Karta 37
Pytanie
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
Odpowiedź
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
Karta 38
Pytanie
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
Odpowiedź
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
Karta 39
Pytanie
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
Odpowiedź
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
Karta 40
Pytanie
Which port does DNS use?
Odpowiedź
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
Karta 41
Pytanie
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
Odpowiedź
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
Karta 42
Pytanie
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
Odpowiedź
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
Karta 43
Pytanie
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
Odpowiedź
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
Karta 44
Pytanie
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
Odpowiedź
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
Karta 45
Pytanie
Which default port does LDAP use?
Odpowiedź
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
Karta 46
Pytanie
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
Odpowiedź
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
Karta 47
Pytanie
Which default port does RDP use?
Odpowiedź
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
Karta 48
Pytanie
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
Odpowiedź
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
Karta 49
Pytanie
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
Odpowiedź
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
Karta 50
Pytanie
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
Odpowiedź
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
Karta 51
Pytanie
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
Odpowiedź
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
Karta 52
Pytanie
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
Odpowiedź
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
Karta 53
Pytanie
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
Odpowiedź
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
Karta 54
Pytanie
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
Odpowiedź
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
Karta 55
Pytanie
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
Odpowiedź
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
Karta 56
Pytanie
What is RFID used for?
Odpowiedź
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
Karta 57
Pytanie
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
Odpowiedź
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
Karta 58
Pytanie
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
Odpowiedź
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
Karta 59
Pytanie
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
Odpowiedź
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
Karta 60
Pytanie
How do mail and web servers differ?
Odpowiedź
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
Karta 61
Pytanie
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
Odpowiedź
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
Karta 62
Pytanie
How do AAA and database servers differ?
Odpowiedź
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
Karta 63
Pytanie
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
Odpowiedź
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
Karta 64
Pytanie
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
Odpowiedź
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
Karta 65
Pytanie
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
Odpowiedź
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
Karta 66
Pytanie
What does SCADA monitor or control?
Odpowiedź
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
Karta 67
Pytanie
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
Odpowiedź
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
Karta 68
Pytanie
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
Odpowiedź
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
Karta 69
Pytanie
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
Odpowiedź
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
Karta 70
Pytanie
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
Odpowiedź
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
Karta 71
Pytanie
What does a VPN protect?
Odpowiedź
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
Karta 72
Pytanie
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
Odpowiedź
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
Karta 73
Pytanie
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
Odpowiedź
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
Karta 74
Pytanie
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
Odpowiedź
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
Karta 75
Pytanie
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
Odpowiedź
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
Karta 76
Pytanie
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
Odpowiedź
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
Karta 77
Pytanie
What does a wireless access point do?
Odpowiedź
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
Karta 78
Pytanie
What is a patch panel's role?
Odpowiedź
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
Karta 79
Pytanie
What is a firewall's core job?
Odpowiedź
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
Karta 80
Pytanie
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
Odpowiedź
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
Karta 81
Pytanie
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
Odpowiedź
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
Karta 82
Pytanie
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
Odpowiedź
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
Karta 83
Pytanie
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
Odpowiedź
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
Karta 84
Pytanie
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
Odpowiedź
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
Karta 85
Pytanie
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
Odpowiedź
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
Karta 86
Pytanie
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
Odpowiedź
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
Karta 87
Pytanie
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
Odpowiedź
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
Karta 88
Pytanie
What does a default gateway provide?
Odpowiedź
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
Karta 89
Pytanie
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
Odpowiedź
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
Karta 90
Pytanie
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
Odpowiedź
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
Karta 91
Pytanie
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
Odpowiedź
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
Karta 92
Pytanie
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
Odpowiedź
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
Karta 93
Pytanie
What is a storage area network?
Odpowiedź
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
Karta 94
Pytanie
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
Odpowiedź
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
Karta 95
Pytanie
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
Odpowiedź
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
Karta 96
Pytanie
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
Odpowiedź
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
Karta 97
Pytanie
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
Odpowiedź
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
Karta 98
Pytanie
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
Odpowiedź
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
Karta 99
Pytanie
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
Odpowiedź
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
Karta 100
Pytanie
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
Odpowiedź
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
Karta 101
Pytanie
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
Odpowiedź
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
Karta 102
Pytanie
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
Odpowiedź
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
Karta 103
Pytanie
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
Odpowiedź
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
Karta 104
Pytanie
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
Odpowiedź
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
Karta 105
Pytanie
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
Odpowiedź
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
Karta 106
Pytanie
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
Odpowiedź
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
Karta 107
Pytanie
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
Odpowiedź
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
Karta 108
Pytanie
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
Odpowiedź
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
Karta 109
Pytanie
How do DVI and VGA differ?
Odpowiedź
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
Karta 110
Pytanie
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
Odpowiedź
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
Karta 111
Pytanie
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
Odpowiedź
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
Karta 112
Pytanie
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
Odpowiedź
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
Karta 113
Pytanie
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
Odpowiedź
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
Karta 114
Pytanie
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
Odpowiedź
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
Karta 115
Pytanie
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
Odpowiedź
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
Karta 116
Pytanie
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
Odpowiedź
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
Karta 117
Pytanie
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
Odpowiedź
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
Karta 118
Pytanie
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
Odpowiedź
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
Karta 119
Pytanie
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
Odpowiedź
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
Karta 120
Pytanie
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
Odpowiedź
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
Karta 121
Pytanie
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
Odpowiedź
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
Karta 122
Pytanie
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
Odpowiedź
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
Karta 123
Pytanie
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
Odpowiedź
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
Karta 124
Pytanie
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
Odpowiedź
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
Karta 125
Pytanie
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
Odpowiedź
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
Karta 126
Pytanie
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
Odpowiedź
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
Karta 127
Pytanie
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
Odpowiedź
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
Karta 128
Pytanie
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
Odpowiedź
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
Karta 129
Pytanie
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
Odpowiedź
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
Karta 130
Pytanie
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
Odpowiedź
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
Karta 131
Pytanie
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
Odpowiedź
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
Karta 132
Pytanie
What does RAID 10 provide?
Odpowiedź
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
Karta 133
Pytanie
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
Odpowiedź
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
Karta 134
Pytanie
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
Odpowiedź
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
Karta 135
Pytanie
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
Odpowiedź
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
Karta 136
Pytanie
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
Odpowiedź
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
Karta 137
Pytanie
What does adding CPU cores improve?
Odpowiedź
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
Karta 138
Pytanie
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
Odpowiedź
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
Karta 139
Pytanie
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
Odpowiedź
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
Karta 140
Pytanie
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
Odpowiedź
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
Karta 141
Pytanie
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
Odpowiedź
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
Karta 142
Pytanie
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
Odpowiedź
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
Karta 143
Pytanie
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
Odpowiedź
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
Karta 144
Pytanie
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
Odpowiedź
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
Karta 145
Pytanie
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
Odpowiedź
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
Karta 146
Pytanie
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
Odpowiedź
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
Karta 147
Pytanie
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
Odpowiedź
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
Karta 148
Pytanie
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
Odpowiedź
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
Karta 149
Pytanie
What does a redundant power supply provide?
Odpowiedź
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
Karta 150
Pytanie
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
Odpowiedź
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
Karta 151
Pytanie
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
Odpowiedź
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
Karta 152
Pytanie
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
Odpowiedź
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
Karta 153
Pytanie
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
Odpowiedź
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
Karta 154
Pytanie
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
Odpowiedź
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
Karta 155
Pytanie
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
Odpowiedź
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
Karta 156
Pytanie
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
Odpowiedź
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
Karta 157
Pytanie
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
Odpowiedź
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
Karta 158
Pytanie
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
Odpowiedź
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
Karta 159
Pytanie
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
Odpowiedź
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
Karta 160
Pytanie
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
Odpowiedź
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
Karta 161
Pytanie
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
Odpowiedź
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
Karta 162
Pytanie
What does printer calibration correct?
Odpowiedź
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
Karta 163
Pytanie
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
Odpowiedź
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
Karta 164
Pytanie
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
Odpowiedź
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
Karta 165
Pytanie
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
Odpowiedź
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
Karta 166
Pytanie
What is a virtual machine?
Odpowiedź
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
Karta 167
Pytanie
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
Odpowiedź
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
Karta 168
Pytanie
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
Odpowiedź
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
Karta 169
Pytanie
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
Odpowiedź
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
Karta 170
Pytanie
What does application virtualization do?
Odpowiedź
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
Karta 171
Pytanie
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
Odpowiedź
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
Karta 172
Pytanie
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
Odpowiedź
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
Karta 173
Pytanie
What must be planned for VM networking?
Odpowiedź
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
Karta 174
Pytanie
What does VDI deliver?
Odpowiedź
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
Karta 175
Pytanie
What must be planned for VM storage?
Odpowiedź
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
Karta 176
Pytanie
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
Odpowiedź
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
Karta 177
Pytanie
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
Odpowiedź
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
Karta 178
Pytanie
What does a container image provide?
Odpowiedź
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
Karta 179
Pytanie
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
Odpowiedź
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
Karta 180
Pytanie
What defines a public cloud?
Odpowiedź
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
Karta 181
Pytanie
What does IaaS provide?
Odpowiedź
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
Karta 182
Pytanie
What is cloud elasticity?
Odpowiedź
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
Karta 183
Pytanie
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
Odpowiedź
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
Karta 184
Pytanie
What defines a private cloud?
Odpowiedź
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
Karta 185
Pytanie
What does SaaS provide?
Odpowiedź
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
Karta 186
Pytanie
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
Odpowiedź
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
Karta 187
Pytanie
What is high availability designed to reduce?
Odpowiedź
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
Karta 188
Pytanie
What is a hybrid cloud?
Odpowiedź
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
Karta 189
Pytanie
What does PaaS provide?
Odpowiedź
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
Karta 190
Pytanie
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
Odpowiedź
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
Karta 191
Pytanie
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
Odpowiedź
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
Karta 192
Pytanie
What is a community cloud?
Odpowiedź
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
Karta 193
Pytanie
What does FaaS run?
Odpowiedź
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
Karta 194
Pytanie
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
Odpowiedź
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
Karta 195
Pytanie
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
Odpowiedź
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
Karta 196
Pytanie
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
Odpowiedź
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
Karta 197
Pytanie
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
Odpowiedź
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
Karta 198
Pytanie
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
Odpowiedź
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
Karta 199
Pytanie
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
Odpowiedź
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
Karta 200
Pytanie
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
Karta 201
Pytanie
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
Karta 202
Pytanie
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
Odpowiedź
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
Karta 203
Pytanie
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
Odpowiedź
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
Karta 204
Pytanie
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
Odpowiedź
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
Karta 205
Pytanie
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
Karta 206
Pytanie
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
Odpowiedź
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
Karta 207
Pytanie
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
Odpowiedź
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
Karta 208
Pytanie
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
Odpowiedź
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
Karta 209
Pytanie
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
Odpowiedź
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
Karta 210
Pytanie
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
Odpowiedź
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
Karta 211
Pytanie
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
Odpowiedź
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
Karta 212
Pytanie
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
Odpowiedź
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
Karta 213
Pytanie
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
Odpowiedź
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
Karta 214
Pytanie
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
Odpowiedź
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
Karta 215
Pytanie
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
Odpowiedź
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
Karta 216
Pytanie
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
Karta 217
Pytanie
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
Odpowiedź
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
Karta 218
Pytanie
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
Karta 219
Pytanie
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
Odpowiedź
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
Karta 220
Pytanie
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
Odpowiedź
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
Karta 221
Pytanie
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
Odpowiedź
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
Karta 222
Pytanie
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
Karta 223
Pytanie
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
Odpowiedź
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
Karta 224
Pytanie
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
Odpowiedź
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
Karta 225
Pytanie
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
Karta 226
Pytanie
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
Odpowiedź
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
Karta 227
Pytanie
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
Odpowiedź
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
Karta 228
Pytanie
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
Karta 229
Pytanie
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
Odpowiedź
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
Karta 230
Pytanie
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
Odpowiedź
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
Karta 231
Pytanie
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
Odpowiedź
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
Karta 232
Pytanie
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
Odpowiedź
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
Karta 233
Pytanie
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
Odpowiedź
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
Karta 234
Pytanie
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
Odpowiedź
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
Karta 235
Pytanie
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
Odpowiedź
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
Karta 236
Pytanie
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
Karta 237
Pytanie
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
Karta 238
Pytanie
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
Odpowiedź
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
Karta 239
Pytanie
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
Karta 240
Pytanie
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
Karta 241
Pytanie
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
Odpowiedź
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
Karta 242
Pytanie
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
Karta 243
Pytanie
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
Odpowiedź
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
Karta 244
Pytanie
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
Odpowiedź
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
Karta 245
Pytanie
Which tools help locate high latency?
Odpowiedź
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
Karta 246
Pytanie
What signs point to external wireless interference?
Odpowiedź
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
Karta 247
Pytanie
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
Odpowiedź
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
Karta 248
Pytanie
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
Odpowiedź
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
Karta 249
Pytanie
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
Odpowiedź
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
Karta 250
Pytanie
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
Odpowiedź
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
Karta 251
Pytanie
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
Odpowiedź
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
Karta 252
Pytanie
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
Odpowiedź
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
Karta 253
Pytanie
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
Karta 254
Pytanie
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
Odpowiedź
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
Karta 255
Pytanie
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
Karta 256
Pytanie
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
Odpowiedź
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
Karta 257
Pytanie
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
Karta 258
Pytanie
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
Odpowiedź
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
Karta 259
Pytanie
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
Odpowiedź
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
Karta 260
Pytanie
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
Odpowiedź
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
520 kart
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
Ucz się z tej talii za darmo
Otworzy się Nibomo, żeby od razu zacząć naukę.
Karta 261
Pytanie
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
Karta 262
Pytanie
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
Odpowiedź
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
Karta 263
Pytanie
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
Karta 264
Pytanie
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
Karta 265
Pytanie
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
Odpowiedź
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
Karta 266
Pytanie
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
Karta 267
Pytanie
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
Odpowiedź
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
Karta 268
Pytanie
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
Odpowiedź
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
Karta 269
Pytanie
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
Karta 270
Pytanie
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
Odpowiedź
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
Karta 271
Pytanie
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
Odpowiedź
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
Karta 272
Pytanie
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
Odpowiedź
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
Karta 273
Pytanie
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
Odpowiedź
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
Karta 274
Pytanie
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
Odpowiedź
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
Karta 275
Pytanie
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
Odpowiedź
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
Karta 276
Pytanie
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
Odpowiedź
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
Karta 277
Pytanie
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
Odpowiedź
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
Karta 278
Pytanie
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
Odpowiedź
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
Karta 279
Pytanie
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
Odpowiedź
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
Karta 280
Pytanie
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
Odpowiedź
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
Karta 281
Pytanie
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
Odpowiedź
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
Karta 282
Pytanie
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
Odpowiedź
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
Karta 283
Pytanie
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
Odpowiedź
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
Karta 284
Pytanie
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
Odpowiedź
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
Karta 285
Pytanie
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
Odpowiedź
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
Karta 286
Pytanie
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
Odpowiedź
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
Karta 287
Pytanie
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
Odpowiedź
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
Karta 288
Pytanie
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
Odpowiedź
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
Karta 289
Pytanie
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
Odpowiedź
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
Karta 290
Pytanie
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
Odpowiedź
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
Karta 291
Pytanie
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
Odpowiedź
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
Karta 292
Pytanie
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
Odpowiedź
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
Karta 293
Pytanie
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
Odpowiedź
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
Karta 294
Pytanie
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
Odpowiedź
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
Karta 295
Pytanie
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
Odpowiedź
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
Karta 296
Pytanie
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
Odpowiedź
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
Karta 297
Pytanie
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
Odpowiedź
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
Karta 298
Pytanie
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
Odpowiedź
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
Karta 299
Pytanie
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
Odpowiedź
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
Karta 300
Pytanie
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
Odpowiedź
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
Karta 301
Pytanie
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
Odpowiedź
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
Karta 302
Pytanie
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
Odpowiedź
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
Karta 303
Pytanie
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
Odpowiedź
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
Karta 304
Pytanie
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
Odpowiedź
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
Karta 305
Pytanie
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
Odpowiedź
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
Karta 306
Pytanie
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
Odpowiedź
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
Karta 307
Pytanie
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
Odpowiedź
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
Karta 308
Pytanie
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
Odpowiedź
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
Karta 309
Pytanie
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
Odpowiedź
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
Karta 310
Pytanie
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
Odpowiedź
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
Karta 311
Pytanie
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
Odpowiedź
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
Karta 312
Pytanie
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
Odpowiedź
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
Karta 313
Pytanie
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
Odpowiedź
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
Karta 314
Pytanie
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
Odpowiedź
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
Karta 315
Pytanie
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
Odpowiedź
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
Karta 316
Pytanie
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
Odpowiedź
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
Karta 317
Pytanie
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
Odpowiedź
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
Karta 318
Pytanie
What does a client VPN connection provide?
Odpowiedź
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
Karta 319
Pytanie
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
Odpowiedź
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
Karta 320
Pytanie
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
Odpowiedź
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
Karta 321
Pytanie
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
Odpowiedź
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
Karta 322
Pytanie
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
Odpowiedź
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
Karta 323
Pytanie
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
Odpowiedź
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
Karta 324
Pytanie
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
Odpowiedź
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
Karta 325
Pytanie
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
Odpowiedź
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
Karta 326
Pytanie
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
Odpowiedź
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
Karta 327
Pytanie
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
Odpowiedź
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
Karta 328
Pytanie
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
Odpowiedź
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
Karta 329
Pytanie
What is the safest source for an application installer?
Odpowiedź
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
Karta 330
Pytanie
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
Odpowiedź
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
Karta 331
Pytanie
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
Odpowiedź
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
Karta 332
Pytanie
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
Odpowiedź
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
Karta 333
Pytanie
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
Odpowiedź
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
Karta 334
Pytanie
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
Odpowiedź
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
Karta 335
Pytanie
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
Odpowiedź
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
Karta 336
Pytanie
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
Odpowiedź
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
Karta 337
Pytanie
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
Odpowiedź
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
Karta 338
Pytanie
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
Odpowiedź
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
Karta 339
Pytanie
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
Odpowiedź
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
Karta 340
Pytanie
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
Odpowiedź
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
Karta 341
Pytanie
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
Odpowiedź
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
Karta 342
Pytanie
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
Odpowiedź
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
Karta 343
Pytanie
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
Odpowiedź
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
Karta 344
Pytanie
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
Odpowiedź
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
Karta 345
Pytanie
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
Odpowiedź
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
Karta 346
Pytanie
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
Odpowiedź
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
Karta 347
Pytanie
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
Odpowiedź
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
Karta 348
Pytanie
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
Odpowiedź
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
Karta 349
Pytanie
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
Odpowiedź
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
Karta 350
Pytanie
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
Odpowiedź
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
Karta 351
Pytanie
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
Odpowiedź
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
Karta 352
Pytanie
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
Odpowiedź
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
Karta 353
Pytanie
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
Odpowiedź
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
Karta 354
Pytanie
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
Odpowiedź
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
Karta 355
Pytanie
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
Odpowiedź
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
Karta 356
Pytanie
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
Odpowiedź
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
Karta 357
Pytanie
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
Odpowiedź
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
Karta 358
Pytanie
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
Odpowiedź
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
Karta 359
Pytanie
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
Odpowiedź
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
Karta 360
Pytanie
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
Odpowiedź
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
Karta 361
Pytanie
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
Odpowiedź
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
Karta 362
Pytanie
What does the principle of least privilege require?
Odpowiedź
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
Karta 363
Pytanie
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
Odpowiedź
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
Karta 364
Pytanie
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
Odpowiedź
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
Karta 365
Pytanie
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
Odpowiedź
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
Karta 366
Pytanie
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
Odpowiedź
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
Karta 367
Pytanie
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
Odpowiedź
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
Karta 368
Pytanie
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
Odpowiedź
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
Karta 369
Pytanie
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
Odpowiedź
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
Karta 370
Pytanie
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
Odpowiedź
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
Karta 371
Pytanie
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
Odpowiedź
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
Karta 372
Pytanie
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
Odpowiedź
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
Karta 373
Pytanie
What does an access control list decide?
Odpowiedź
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
Karta 374
Pytanie
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
Odpowiedź
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
Karta 375
Pytanie
How should router management access be exposed?
Odpowiedź
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
Karta 376
Pytanie
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
Odpowiedź
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
Karta 377
Pytanie
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
Odpowiedź
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
Karta 378
Pytanie
What happens in an on-path attack?
Odpowiedź
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
Karta 379
Pytanie
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
Odpowiedź
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
Karta 380
Pytanie
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
Odpowiedź
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
Karta 381
Pytanie
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
Odpowiedź
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
Karta 382
Pytanie
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
Odpowiedź
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
Karta 383
Pytanie
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
Odpowiedź
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
Karta 384
Pytanie
What makes authentication multifactor?
Odpowiedź
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
Karta 385
Pytanie
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
Odpowiedź
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
Karta 386
Pytanie
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
Odpowiedź
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
Karta 387
Pytanie
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
Odpowiedź
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
Karta 388
Pytanie
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
Odpowiedź
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
Karta 389
Pytanie
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
Odpowiedź
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
Karta 390
Pytanie
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
Odpowiedź
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
Karta 391
Pytanie
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
Odpowiedź
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
Karta 392
Pytanie
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
Odpowiedź
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
Karta 393
Pytanie
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
Odpowiedź
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
Karta 394
Pytanie
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
Odpowiedź
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
Karta 395
Pytanie
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
Odpowiedź
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
Karta 396
Pytanie
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
Odpowiedź
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
Karta 397
Pytanie
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
Odpowiedź
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
Karta 398
Pytanie
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
Odpowiedź
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
Karta 399
Pytanie
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
Odpowiedź
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
Karta 400
Pytanie
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
Odpowiedź
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
Karta 401
Pytanie
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
Odpowiedź
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
Karta 402
Pytanie
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
Odpowiedź
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
Karta 403
Pytanie
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
Odpowiedź
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
Karta 404
Pytanie
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
Odpowiedź
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
Karta 405
Pytanie
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
Odpowiedź
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
Karta 406
Pytanie
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
Odpowiedź
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
Karta 407
Pytanie
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
Odpowiedź
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
Karta 408
Pytanie
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
Odpowiedź
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
Karta 409
Pytanie
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
Odpowiedź
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
Karta 410
Pytanie
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
Odpowiedź
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
Karta 411
Pytanie
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
Odpowiedź
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
Karta 412
Pytanie
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
Odpowiedź
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
Karta 413
Pytanie
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
Odpowiedź
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
Karta 414
Pytanie
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
Odpowiedź
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
Karta 415
Pytanie
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
Odpowiedź
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
Karta 416
Pytanie
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
Odpowiedź
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
Karta 417
Pytanie
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
Odpowiedź
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
Karta 418
Pytanie
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
Odpowiedź
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
Karta 419
Pytanie
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
Odpowiedź
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
Karta 420
Pytanie
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
Odpowiedź
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
Karta 421
Pytanie
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
Odpowiedź
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
Karta 422
Pytanie
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
Odpowiedź
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
Karta 423
Pytanie
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
Odpowiedź
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
Karta 424
Pytanie
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
Odpowiedź
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
Karta 425
Pytanie
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
Odpowiedź
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
Karta 426
Pytanie
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
Odpowiedź
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
Karta 427
Pytanie
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
Odpowiedź
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
Karta 428
Pytanie
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
Odpowiedź
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
Karta 429
Pytanie
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
Karta 430
Pytanie
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
Odpowiedź
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
Karta 431
Pytanie
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
Odpowiedź
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
Karta 432
Pytanie
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
Odpowiedź
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
Karta 433
Pytanie
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
Odpowiedź
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
Karta 434
Pytanie
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
Odpowiedź
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
Karta 435
Pytanie
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
Odpowiedź
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
Karta 436
Pytanie
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
Odpowiedź
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
Karta 437
Pytanie
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
Odpowiedź
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
Karta 438
Pytanie
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
Odpowiedź
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
Karta 439
Pytanie
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
Odpowiedź
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
Karta 440
Pytanie
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
Odpowiedź
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
Karta 441
Pytanie
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
Odpowiedź
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
Karta 442
Pytanie
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
Odpowiedź
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
Karta 443
Pytanie
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
Odpowiedź
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
Karta 444
Pytanie
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
Odpowiedź
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
Karta 445
Pytanie
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
Odpowiedź
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
Karta 446
Pytanie
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
Odpowiedź
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
Karta 447
Pytanie
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
Odpowiedź
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
Karta 448
Pytanie
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
Odpowiedź
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
Karta 449
Pytanie
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
Odpowiedź
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
Karta 450
Pytanie
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
Odpowiedź
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
Karta 451
Pytanie
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
Odpowiedź
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
Karta 452
Pytanie
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
Odpowiedź
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
Karta 453
Pytanie
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
Odpowiedź
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
Karta 454
Pytanie
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
Odpowiedź
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
Karta 455
Pytanie
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
Odpowiedź
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
Karta 456
Pytanie
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
Odpowiedź
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
Karta 457
Pytanie
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
Odpowiedź
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
Karta 458
Pytanie
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
Odpowiedź
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
Karta 459
Pytanie
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
Odpowiedź
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
Karta 460
Pytanie
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
Odpowiedź
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
Karta 461
Pytanie
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
Odpowiedź
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
Karta 462
Pytanie
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
Odpowiedź
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
Karta 463
Pytanie
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
Odpowiedź
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
Karta 464
Pytanie
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
Odpowiedź
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
Karta 465
Pytanie
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
Odpowiedź
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
Karta 466
Pytanie
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
Odpowiedź
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
Karta 467
Pytanie
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
Odpowiedź
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
Karta 468
Pytanie
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
Odpowiedź
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
Karta 469
Pytanie
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
Odpowiedź
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
Karta 470
Pytanie
What does a full backup contain?
Odpowiedź
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
Karta 471
Pytanie
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
Odpowiedź
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
Karta 472
Pytanie
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
Odpowiedź
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
Karta 473
Pytanie
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
Odpowiedź
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
Karta 474
Pytanie
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
Odpowiedź
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
Karta 475
Pytanie
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
Odpowiedź
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
Karta 476
Pytanie
What does an incremental backup copy?
Odpowiedź
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
Karta 477
Pytanie
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
Odpowiedź
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
Karta 478
Pytanie
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
Odpowiedź
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
Karta 479
Pytanie
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
Odpowiedź
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
Karta 480
Pytanie
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
Odpowiedź
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
Karta 481
Pytanie
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
Odpowiedź
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
Karta 482
Pytanie
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
Odpowiedź
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
Karta 483
Pytanie
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
Odpowiedź
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
Karta 484
Pytanie
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
Odpowiedź
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
Karta 485
Pytanie
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
Odpowiedź
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
Karta 486
Pytanie
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
Odpowiedź
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
Karta 487
Pytanie
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
Odpowiedź
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
Karta 488
Pytanie
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
Odpowiedź
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
Karta 489
Pytanie
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
Odpowiedź
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
Karta 490
Pytanie
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
Odpowiedź
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
Karta 491
Pytanie
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
Odpowiedź
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
Karta 492
Pytanie
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
Odpowiedź
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
Karta 493
Pytanie
What does a differential backup copy?
Odpowiedź
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
Karta 494
Pytanie
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
Odpowiedź
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
Karta 495
Pytanie
How should loose components be handled and stored?
Odpowiedź
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
Karta 496
Pytanie
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
Odpowiedź
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
Karta 497
Pytanie
What is a synthetic full backup?
Odpowiedź
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
Karta 498
Pytanie
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
Odpowiedź
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
Karta 499
Pytanie
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
Odpowiedź
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
Karta 500
Pytanie
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
Odpowiedź
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
Karta 501
Pytanie
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
Odpowiedź
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
Karta 502
Pytanie
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
Odpowiedź
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
Karta 503
Pytanie
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
Odpowiedź
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
Karta 504
Pytanie
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
Odpowiedź
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
Karta 505
Pytanie
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
Odpowiedź
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
Karta 506
Pytanie
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
Odpowiedź
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
Karta 507
Pytanie
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
Odpowiedź
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
Karta 508
Pytanie
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
Odpowiedź
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
Karta 509
Pytanie
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
Odpowiedź
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
Karta 510
Pytanie
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
Odpowiedź
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
Karta 511
Pytanie
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
Odpowiedź
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
Karta 512
Pytanie
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
Odpowiedź
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
Karta 513
Pytanie
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
Odpowiedź
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
Karta 514
Pytanie
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
Odpowiedź
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
Karta 515
Pytanie
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
Odpowiedź
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
Karta 516
Pytanie
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
Odpowiedź
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
Karta 517
Pytanie
How do you know a backup is usable?
Odpowiedź
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
Karta 518
Pytanie
What closes a well-managed change?
Odpowiedź
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
Karta 519
Pytanie
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
Odpowiedź
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
Karta 520
Pytanie
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
Odpowiedź
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

520 kart

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Ucz się z tej talii za darmo

Otworzy się Nibomo, żeby od razu zacząć naukę.

O tej talii

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

Karty w tej talii

Karta 1

Karta 2

Karta 3

Karta 4

Karta 5

Karta 6

Karta 7

Karta 8

Karta 9

Karta 10

Karta 11

Karta 12

Karta 13

Karta 14

Karta 15

Karta 16

Karta 17

Karta 18

Karta 19

Karta 20

Karta 21

Karta 22

Karta 23

Karta 24

Karta 25

Karta 26

Karta 27

Karta 28

Karta 29

Karta 30

Karta 31

Karta 32

Karta 33

Karta 34

Karta 35

Karta 36

Karta 37

Karta 38

Karta 39

Karta 40

Karta 41

Karta 42

Karta 43

Karta 44

Karta 45

Karta 46

Karta 47

Karta 48

Karta 49

Karta 50

Karta 51

Karta 52

Karta 53

Karta 54

Karta 55

Karta 56

Karta 57

Karta 58

Karta 59

Karta 60

Karta 61

Karta 62

Karta 63

Karta 64

Karta 65

Karta 66

Karta 67

Karta 68

Karta 69

Karta 70

Karta 71

Karta 72

Karta 73