What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

โดยผู้สร้าง Open Study Contributor

เรียนเด็คนี้ฟรี

Nibomo จะเปิดขึ้นเพื่อให้คุณเริ่มเรียนได้ทันที

รายละเอียดเด็ค

การ์ด: 520 การ์ด
เวอร์ชัน: 1
เผยแพร่เมื่อ: 1 กันยายน 2569
อัปเดตล่าสุด: 10 กันยายน 2569
สัญญาอนุญาต: Common knowledge · CC0 1.0
ภาษาของผู้เรียน: en
วิชา: Information technology
ระดับ: A+ 220-1201 and 220-1202
แท็ก: a-plus, core-1, core-2

เด็คที่คล้ายกัน

เกี่ยวกับเด็คนี้

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

การ์ดในเด็คนี้

การ์ด 1
คำถาม
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
คำตอบ
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
การ์ด 2
คำถาม
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
คำตอบ
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
การ์ด 3
คำถาม
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
คำตอบ
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
การ์ด 4
คำถาม
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
คำตอบ
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
การ์ด 5
คำถาม
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
คำตอบ
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
การ์ด 6
คำถาม
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
คำตอบ
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
การ์ด 7
คำถาม
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
คำตอบ
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
การ์ด 8
คำถาม
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
คำตอบ
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
การ์ด 9
คำถาม
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
คำตอบ
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
การ์ด 10
คำถาม
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
คำตอบ
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
การ์ด 11
คำถาม
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
คำตอบ
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
การ์ด 12
คำถาม
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
คำตอบ
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
การ์ด 13
คำถาม
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
คำตอบ
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
การ์ด 14
คำถาม
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
คำตอบ
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
การ์ด 15
คำถาม
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
คำตอบ
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
การ์ด 16
คำถาม
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
คำตอบ
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
การ์ด 17
คำถาม
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
คำตอบ
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
การ์ด 18
คำถาม
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
คำตอบ
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
การ์ด 19
คำถาม
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
คำตอบ
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
การ์ด 20
คำถาม
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
คำตอบ
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
การ์ด 21
คำถาม
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
คำตอบ
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
การ์ด 22
คำถาม
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
คำตอบ
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
การ์ด 23
คำถาม
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
คำตอบ
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
การ์ด 24
คำถาม
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
คำตอบ
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
การ์ด 25
คำถาม
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
คำตอบ
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
การ์ด 26
คำถาม
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
คำตอบ
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
การ์ด 27
คำถาม
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
คำตอบ
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
การ์ด 28
คำถาม
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
การ์ด 29
คำถาม
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
คำตอบ
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
การ์ด 30
คำถาม
What does mobile device management provide?
คำตอบ
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
การ์ด 31
คำถาม
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
คำตอบ
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
การ์ด 32
คำถาม
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
คำตอบ
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
การ์ด 33
คำถาม
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
คำตอบ
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
การ์ด 34
คำถาม
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
คำตอบ
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
การ์ด 35
คำถาม
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
คำตอบ
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
การ์ด 36
คำถาม
How do TCP and UDP differ?
คำตอบ
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
การ์ด 37
คำถาม
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
คำตอบ
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
การ์ด 38
คำถาม
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
คำตอบ
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
การ์ด 39
คำถาม
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
คำตอบ
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
การ์ด 40
คำถาม
Which port does DNS use?
คำตอบ
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
การ์ด 41
คำถาม
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
คำตอบ
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
การ์ด 42
คำถาม
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
คำตอบ
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
การ์ด 43
คำถาม
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
คำตอบ
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
การ์ด 44
คำถาม
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
คำตอบ
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
การ์ด 45
คำถาม
Which default port does LDAP use?
คำตอบ
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
การ์ด 46
คำถาม
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
คำตอบ
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
การ์ด 47
คำถาม
Which default port does RDP use?
คำตอบ
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
การ์ด 48
คำถาม
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
คำตอบ
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
การ์ด 49
คำถาม
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
คำตอบ
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
การ์ด 50
คำถาม
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
คำตอบ
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
การ์ด 51
คำถาม
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
คำตอบ
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
การ์ด 52
คำถาม
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
คำตอบ
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
การ์ด 53
คำถาม
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
คำตอบ
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
การ์ด 54
คำถาม
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
คำตอบ
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
การ์ด 55
คำถาม
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
คำตอบ
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
การ์ด 56
คำถาม
What is RFID used for?
คำตอบ
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
การ์ด 57
คำถาม
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
คำตอบ
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
การ์ด 58
คำถาม
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
คำตอบ
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
การ์ด 59
คำถาม
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
คำตอบ
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
การ์ด 60
คำถาม
How do mail and web servers differ?
คำตอบ
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
การ์ด 61
คำถาม
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
คำตอบ
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
การ์ด 62
คำถาม
How do AAA and database servers differ?
คำตอบ
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
การ์ด 63
คำถาม
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
คำตอบ
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
การ์ด 64
คำถาม
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
คำตอบ
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
การ์ด 65
คำถาม
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
คำตอบ
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
การ์ด 66
คำถาม
What does SCADA monitor or control?
คำตอบ
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
การ์ด 67
คำถาม
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
คำตอบ
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
การ์ด 68
คำถาม
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
คำตอบ
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
การ์ด 69
คำถาม
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
คำตอบ
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
การ์ด 70
คำถาม
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
คำตอบ
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
การ์ด 71
คำถาม
What does a VPN protect?
คำตอบ
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
การ์ด 72
คำถาม
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
คำตอบ
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
การ์ด 73
คำถาม
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
คำตอบ
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
การ์ด 74
คำถาม
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
คำตอบ
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
การ์ด 75
คำถาม
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
คำตอบ
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
การ์ด 76
คำถาม
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
คำตอบ
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
การ์ด 77
คำถาม
What does a wireless access point do?
คำตอบ
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
การ์ด 78
คำถาม
What is a patch panel's role?
คำตอบ
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
การ์ด 79
คำถาม
What is a firewall's core job?
คำตอบ
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
การ์ด 80
คำถาม
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
คำตอบ
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
การ์ด 81
คำถาม
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
คำตอบ
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
การ์ด 82
คำถาม
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
คำตอบ
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
การ์ด 83
คำถาม
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
คำตอบ
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
การ์ด 84
คำถาม
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
คำตอบ
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
การ์ด 85
คำถาม
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
คำตอบ
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
การ์ด 86
คำถาม
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
คำตอบ
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
การ์ด 87
คำถาม
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
คำตอบ
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
การ์ด 88
คำถาม
What does a default gateway provide?
คำตอบ
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
การ์ด 89
คำถาม
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
คำตอบ
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
การ์ด 90
คำถาม
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
คำตอบ
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
การ์ด 91
คำถาม
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
คำตอบ
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
การ์ด 92
คำถาม
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
คำตอบ
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
การ์ด 93
คำถาม
What is a storage area network?
คำตอบ
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
การ์ด 94
คำถาม
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
คำตอบ
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
การ์ด 95
คำถาม
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
คำตอบ
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
การ์ด 96
คำถาม
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
คำตอบ
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
การ์ด 97
คำถาม
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
คำตอบ
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
การ์ด 98
คำถาม
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
คำตอบ
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
การ์ด 99
คำถาม
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
คำตอบ
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
การ์ด 100
คำถาม
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
คำตอบ
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
การ์ด 101
คำถาม
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
คำตอบ
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
การ์ด 102
คำถาม
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
คำตอบ
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
การ์ด 103
คำถาม
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
คำตอบ
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
การ์ด 104
คำถาม
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
คำตอบ
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
การ์ด 105
คำถาม
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
คำตอบ
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
การ์ด 106
คำถาม
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
คำตอบ
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
การ์ด 107
คำถาม
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
คำตอบ
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
การ์ด 108
คำถาม
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
คำตอบ
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
การ์ด 109
คำถาม
How do DVI and VGA differ?
คำตอบ
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
การ์ด 110
คำถาม
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
คำตอบ
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
การ์ด 111
คำถาม
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
คำตอบ
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
การ์ด 112
คำถาม
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
คำตอบ
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
การ์ด 113
คำถาม
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
คำตอบ
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
การ์ด 114
คำถาม
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
คำตอบ
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
การ์ด 115
คำถาม
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
คำตอบ
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
การ์ด 116
คำถาม
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
คำตอบ
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
การ์ด 117
คำถาม
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
คำตอบ
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
การ์ด 118
คำถาม
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
คำตอบ
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
การ์ด 119
คำถาม
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
คำตอบ
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
การ์ด 120
คำถาม
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
คำตอบ
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
การ์ด 121
คำถาม
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
คำตอบ
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
การ์ด 122
คำถาม
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
คำตอบ
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
การ์ด 123
คำถาม
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
คำตอบ
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
การ์ด 124
คำถาม
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
คำตอบ
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
การ์ด 125
คำถาม
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
คำตอบ
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
การ์ด 126
คำถาม
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
คำตอบ
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
การ์ด 127
คำถาม
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
คำตอบ
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
การ์ด 128
คำถาม
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
คำตอบ
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
การ์ด 129
คำถาม
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
คำตอบ
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
การ์ด 130
คำถาม
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
คำตอบ
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
การ์ด 131
คำถาม
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
คำตอบ
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
การ์ด 132
คำถาม
What does RAID 10 provide?
คำตอบ
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
การ์ด 133
คำถาม
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
คำตอบ
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
การ์ด 134
คำถาม
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
คำตอบ
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
การ์ด 135
คำถาม
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
คำตอบ
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
การ์ด 136
คำถาม
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
คำตอบ
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
การ์ด 137
คำถาม
What does adding CPU cores improve?
คำตอบ
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
การ์ด 138
คำถาม
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
คำตอบ
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
การ์ด 139
คำถาม
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
คำตอบ
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
การ์ด 140
คำถาม
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
คำตอบ
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
การ์ด 141
คำถาม
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
คำตอบ
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
การ์ด 142
คำถาม
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
คำตอบ
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
การ์ด 143
คำถาม
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
คำตอบ
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
การ์ด 144
คำถาม
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
คำตอบ
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
การ์ด 145
คำถาม
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
คำตอบ
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
การ์ด 146
คำถาม
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
คำตอบ
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
การ์ด 147
คำถาม
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
คำตอบ
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
การ์ด 148
คำถาม
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
คำตอบ
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
การ์ด 149
คำถาม
What does a redundant power supply provide?
คำตอบ
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
การ์ด 150
คำถาม
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
คำตอบ
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
การ์ด 151
คำถาม
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
คำตอบ
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
การ์ด 152
คำถาม
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
คำตอบ
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
การ์ด 153
คำถาม
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
คำตอบ
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
การ์ด 154
คำถาม
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
คำตอบ
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
การ์ด 155
คำถาม
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
คำตอบ
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
การ์ด 156
คำถาม
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
คำตอบ
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
การ์ด 157
คำถาม
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
คำตอบ
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
การ์ด 158
คำถาม
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
คำตอบ
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
การ์ด 159
คำถาม
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
คำตอบ
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
การ์ด 160
คำถาม
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
คำตอบ
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
การ์ด 161
คำถาม
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
คำตอบ
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
การ์ด 162
คำถาม
What does printer calibration correct?
คำตอบ
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
การ์ด 163
คำถาม
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
คำตอบ
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
การ์ด 164
คำถาม
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
คำตอบ
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
การ์ด 165
คำถาม
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
คำตอบ
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
การ์ด 166
คำถาม
What is a virtual machine?
คำตอบ
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
การ์ด 167
คำถาม
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
คำตอบ
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
การ์ด 168
คำถาม
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
คำตอบ
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
การ์ด 169
คำถาม
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
คำตอบ
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
การ์ด 170
คำถาม
What does application virtualization do?
คำตอบ
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
การ์ด 171
คำถาม
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
คำตอบ
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
การ์ด 172
คำถาม
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
คำตอบ
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
การ์ด 173
คำถาม
What must be planned for VM networking?
คำตอบ
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
การ์ด 174
คำถาม
What does VDI deliver?
คำตอบ
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
การ์ด 175
คำถาม
What must be planned for VM storage?
คำตอบ
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
การ์ด 176
คำถาม
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
คำตอบ
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
การ์ด 177
คำถาม
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
คำตอบ
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
การ์ด 178
คำถาม
What does a container image provide?
คำตอบ
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
การ์ด 179
คำถาม
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
คำตอบ
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
การ์ด 180
คำถาม
What defines a public cloud?
คำตอบ
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
การ์ด 181
คำถาม
What does IaaS provide?
คำตอบ
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
การ์ด 182
คำถาม
What is cloud elasticity?
คำตอบ
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
การ์ด 183
คำถาม
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
คำตอบ
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
การ์ด 184
คำถาม
What defines a private cloud?
คำตอบ
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
การ์ด 185
คำถาม
What does SaaS provide?
คำตอบ
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
การ์ด 186
คำถาม
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
คำตอบ
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
การ์ด 187
คำถาม
What is high availability designed to reduce?
คำตอบ
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
การ์ด 188
คำถาม
What is a hybrid cloud?
คำตอบ
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
การ์ด 189
คำถาม
What does PaaS provide?
คำตอบ
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
การ์ด 190
คำถาม
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
คำตอบ
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
การ์ด 191
คำถาม
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
คำตอบ
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
การ์ด 192
คำถาม
What is a community cloud?
คำตอบ
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
การ์ด 193
คำถาม
What does FaaS run?
คำตอบ
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
การ์ด 194
คำถาม
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
คำตอบ
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
การ์ด 195
คำถาม
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
คำตอบ
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
การ์ด 196
คำถาม
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
คำตอบ
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
การ์ด 197
คำถาม
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
คำตอบ
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
การ์ด 198
คำถาม
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
คำตอบ
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
การ์ด 199
คำถาม
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
คำตอบ
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
การ์ด 200
คำถาม
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
คำตอบ
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
การ์ด 201
คำถาม
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
การ์ด 202
คำถาม
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
คำตอบ
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
การ์ด 203
คำถาม
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
คำตอบ
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
การ์ด 204
คำถาม
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
คำตอบ
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
การ์ด 205
คำถาม
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
การ์ด 206
คำถาม
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
คำตอบ
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
การ์ด 207
คำถาม
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
คำตอบ
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
การ์ด 208
คำถาม
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
คำตอบ
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
การ์ด 209
คำถาม
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
คำตอบ
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
การ์ด 210
คำถาม
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
คำตอบ
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
การ์ด 211
คำถาม
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
คำตอบ
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
การ์ด 212
คำถาม
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
คำตอบ
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
การ์ด 213
คำถาม
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
คำตอบ
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
การ์ด 214
คำถาม
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
คำตอบ
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
การ์ด 215
คำถาม
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
คำตอบ
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
การ์ด 216
คำถาม
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
การ์ด 217
คำถาม
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
คำตอบ
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
การ์ด 218
คำถาม
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
การ์ด 219
คำถาม
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
คำตอบ
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
การ์ด 220
คำถาม
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
คำตอบ
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
การ์ด 221
คำถาม
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
คำตอบ
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
การ์ด 222
คำถาม
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
การ์ด 223
คำถาม
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
คำตอบ
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
การ์ด 224
คำถาม
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
คำตอบ
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
การ์ด 225
คำถาม
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
การ์ด 226
คำถาม
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
คำตอบ
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
การ์ด 227
คำถาม
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
คำตอบ
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
การ์ด 228
คำถาม
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
การ์ด 229
คำถาม
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
คำตอบ
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
การ์ด 230
คำถาม
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
คำตอบ
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
การ์ด 231
คำถาม
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
คำตอบ
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
การ์ด 232
คำถาม
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
คำตอบ
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
การ์ด 233
คำถาม
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
คำตอบ
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
การ์ด 234
คำถาม
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
คำตอบ
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
การ์ด 235
คำถาม
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
คำตอบ
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
การ์ด 236
คำถาม
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
การ์ด 237
คำถาม
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
การ์ด 238
คำถาม
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
คำตอบ
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
การ์ด 239
คำถาม
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
การ์ด 240
คำถาม
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
การ์ด 241
คำถาม
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
คำตอบ
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
การ์ด 242
คำถาม
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
การ์ด 243
คำถาม
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
คำตอบ
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
การ์ด 244
คำถาม
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
คำตอบ
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
การ์ด 245
คำถาม
Which tools help locate high latency?
คำตอบ
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
การ์ด 246
คำถาม
What signs point to external wireless interference?
คำตอบ
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
การ์ด 247
คำถาม
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
คำตอบ
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
การ์ด 248
คำถาม
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
คำตอบ
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
การ์ด 249
คำถาม
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
คำตอบ
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
การ์ด 250
คำถาม
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
คำตอบ
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
การ์ด 251
คำถาม
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
คำตอบ
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
การ์ด 252
คำถาม
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
คำตอบ
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
การ์ด 253
คำถาม
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
การ์ด 254
คำถาม
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
คำตอบ
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
การ์ด 255
คำถาม
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
การ์ด 256
คำถาม
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
คำตอบ
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
การ์ด 257
คำถาม
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
การ์ด 258
คำถาม
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
คำตอบ
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
การ์ด 259
คำถาม
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
คำตอบ
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
การ์ด 260
คำถาม
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
คำตอบ
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
520 การ์ด
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
เรียนเด็คนี้ฟรี
Nibomo จะเปิดขึ้นเพื่อให้คุณเริ่มเรียนได้ทันที
การ์ด 261
คำถาม
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
การ์ด 262
คำถาม
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
คำตอบ
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
การ์ด 263
คำถาม
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
การ์ด 264
คำถาม
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
การ์ด 265
คำถาม
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
คำตอบ
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
การ์ด 266
คำถาม
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
การ์ด 267
คำถาม
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
คำตอบ
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
การ์ด 268
คำถาม
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
คำตอบ
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
การ์ด 269
คำถาม
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
การ์ด 270
คำถาม
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
คำตอบ
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
การ์ด 271
คำถาม
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
คำตอบ
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
การ์ด 272
คำถาม
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
คำตอบ
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
การ์ด 273
คำถาม
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
คำตอบ
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
การ์ด 274
คำถาม
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
คำตอบ
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
การ์ด 275
คำถาม
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
คำตอบ
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
การ์ด 276
คำถาม
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
คำตอบ
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
การ์ด 277
คำถาม
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
คำตอบ
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
การ์ด 278
คำถาม
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
คำตอบ
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
การ์ด 279
คำถาม
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
คำตอบ
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
การ์ด 280
คำถาม
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
คำตอบ
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
การ์ด 281
คำถาม
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
คำตอบ
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
การ์ด 282
คำถาม
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
คำตอบ
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
การ์ด 283
คำถาม
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
คำตอบ
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
การ์ด 284
คำถาม
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
คำตอบ
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
การ์ด 285
คำถาม
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
คำตอบ
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
การ์ด 286
คำถาม
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
คำตอบ
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
การ์ด 287
คำถาม
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
คำตอบ
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
การ์ด 288
คำถาม
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
คำตอบ
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
การ์ด 289
คำถาม
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
คำตอบ
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
การ์ด 290
คำถาม
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
คำตอบ
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
การ์ด 291
คำถาม
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
คำตอบ
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
การ์ด 292
คำถาม
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
คำตอบ
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
การ์ด 293
คำถาม
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
คำตอบ
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
การ์ด 294
คำถาม
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
คำตอบ
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
การ์ด 295
คำถาม
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
คำตอบ
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
การ์ด 296
คำถาม
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
คำตอบ
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
การ์ด 297
คำถาม
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
คำตอบ
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
การ์ด 298
คำถาม
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
คำตอบ
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
การ์ด 299
คำถาม
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
คำตอบ
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
การ์ด 300
คำถาม
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
คำตอบ
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
การ์ด 301
คำถาม
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
คำตอบ
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
การ์ด 302
คำถาม
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
คำตอบ
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
การ์ด 303
คำถาม
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
คำตอบ
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
การ์ด 304
คำถาม
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
คำตอบ
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
การ์ด 305
คำถาม
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
คำตอบ
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
การ์ด 306
คำถาม
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
คำตอบ
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
การ์ด 307
คำถาม
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
คำตอบ
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
การ์ด 308
คำถาม
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
คำตอบ
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
การ์ด 309
คำถาม
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
คำตอบ
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
การ์ด 310
คำถาม
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
คำตอบ
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
การ์ด 311
คำถาม
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
คำตอบ
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
การ์ด 312
คำถาม
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
คำตอบ
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
การ์ด 313
คำถาม
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
คำตอบ
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
การ์ด 314
คำถาม
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
คำตอบ
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
การ์ด 315
คำถาม
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
คำตอบ
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
การ์ด 316
คำถาม
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
คำตอบ
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
การ์ด 317
คำถาม
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
คำตอบ
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
การ์ด 318
คำถาม
What does a client VPN connection provide?
คำตอบ
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
การ์ด 319
คำถาม
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
คำตอบ
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
การ์ด 320
คำถาม
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
คำตอบ
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
การ์ด 321
คำถาม
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
คำตอบ
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
การ์ด 322
คำถาม
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
คำตอบ
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
การ์ด 323
คำถาม
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
คำตอบ
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
การ์ด 324
คำถาม
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
คำตอบ
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
การ์ด 325
คำถาม
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
คำตอบ
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
การ์ด 326
คำถาม
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
คำตอบ
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
การ์ด 327
คำถาม
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
คำตอบ
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
การ์ด 328
คำถาม
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
คำตอบ
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
การ์ด 329
คำถาม
What is the safest source for an application installer?
คำตอบ
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
การ์ด 330
คำถาม
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
คำตอบ
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
การ์ด 331
คำถาม
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
คำตอบ
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
การ์ด 332
คำถาม
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
คำตอบ
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
การ์ด 333
คำถาม
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
คำตอบ
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
การ์ด 334
คำถาม
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
คำตอบ
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
การ์ด 335
คำถาม
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
คำตอบ
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
การ์ด 336
คำถาม
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
คำตอบ
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
การ์ด 337
คำถาม
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
คำตอบ
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
การ์ด 338
คำถาม
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
คำตอบ
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
การ์ด 339
คำถาม
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
คำตอบ
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
การ์ด 340
คำถาม
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
คำตอบ
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
การ์ด 341
คำถาม
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
คำตอบ
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
การ์ด 342
คำถาม
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
คำตอบ
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
การ์ด 343
คำถาม
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
คำตอบ
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
การ์ด 344
คำถาม
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
คำตอบ
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
การ์ด 345
คำถาม
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
คำตอบ
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
การ์ด 346
คำถาม
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
คำตอบ
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
การ์ด 347
คำถาม
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
คำตอบ
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
การ์ด 348
คำถาม
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
คำตอบ
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
การ์ด 349
คำถาม
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
คำตอบ
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
การ์ด 350
คำถาม
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
คำตอบ
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
การ์ด 351
คำถาม
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
คำตอบ
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
การ์ด 352
คำถาม
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
คำตอบ
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
การ์ด 353
คำถาม
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
คำตอบ
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
การ์ด 354
คำถาม
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
คำตอบ
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
การ์ด 355
คำถาม
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
คำตอบ
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
การ์ด 356
คำถาม
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
คำตอบ
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
การ์ด 357
คำถาม
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
คำตอบ
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
การ์ด 358
คำถาม
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
คำตอบ
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
การ์ด 359
คำถาม
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
คำตอบ
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
การ์ด 360
คำถาม
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
คำตอบ
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
การ์ด 361
คำถาม
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
คำตอบ
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
การ์ด 362
คำถาม
What does the principle of least privilege require?
คำตอบ
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
การ์ด 363
คำถาม
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
คำตอบ
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
การ์ด 364
คำถาม
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
คำตอบ
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
การ์ด 365
คำถาม
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
คำตอบ
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
การ์ด 366
คำถาม
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
คำตอบ
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
การ์ด 367
คำถาม
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
คำตอบ
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
การ์ด 368
คำถาม
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
คำตอบ
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
การ์ด 369
คำถาม
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
คำตอบ
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
การ์ด 370
คำถาม
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
คำตอบ
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
การ์ด 371
คำถาม
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
คำตอบ
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
การ์ด 372
คำถาม
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
คำตอบ
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
การ์ด 373
คำถาม
What does an access control list decide?
คำตอบ
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
การ์ด 374
คำถาม
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
คำตอบ
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
การ์ด 375
คำถาม
How should router management access be exposed?
คำตอบ
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
การ์ด 376
คำถาม
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
คำตอบ
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
การ์ด 377
คำถาม
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
คำตอบ
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
การ์ด 378
คำถาม
What happens in an on-path attack?
คำตอบ
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
การ์ด 379
คำถาม
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
คำตอบ
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
การ์ด 380
คำถาม
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
คำตอบ
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
การ์ด 381
คำถาม
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
คำตอบ
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
การ์ด 382
คำถาม
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
คำตอบ
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
การ์ด 383
คำถาม
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
คำตอบ
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
การ์ด 384
คำถาม
What makes authentication multifactor?
คำตอบ
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
การ์ด 385
คำถาม
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
คำตอบ
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
การ์ด 386
คำถาม
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
คำตอบ
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
การ์ด 387
คำถาม
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
คำตอบ
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
การ์ด 388
คำถาม
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
คำตอบ
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
การ์ด 389
คำถาม
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
คำตอบ
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
การ์ด 390
คำถาม
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
คำตอบ
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
การ์ด 391
คำถาม
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
คำตอบ
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
การ์ด 392
คำถาม
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
คำตอบ
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
การ์ด 393
คำถาม
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
คำตอบ
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
การ์ด 394
คำถาม
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
คำตอบ
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
การ์ด 395
คำถาม
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
คำตอบ
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
การ์ด 396
คำถาม
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
คำตอบ
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
การ์ด 397
คำถาม
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
คำตอบ
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
การ์ด 398
คำถาม
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
คำตอบ
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
การ์ด 399
คำถาม
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
คำตอบ
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
การ์ด 400
คำถาม
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
คำตอบ
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
การ์ด 401
คำถาม
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
คำตอบ
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
การ์ด 402
คำถาม
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
คำตอบ
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
การ์ด 403
คำถาม
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
คำตอบ
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
การ์ด 404
คำถาม
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
คำตอบ
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
การ์ด 405
คำถาม
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
คำตอบ
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
การ์ด 406
คำถาม
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
คำตอบ
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
การ์ด 407
คำถาม
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
คำตอบ
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
การ์ด 408
คำถาม
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
คำตอบ
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
การ์ด 409
คำถาม
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
คำตอบ
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
การ์ด 410
คำถาม
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
คำตอบ
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
การ์ด 411
คำถาม
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
คำตอบ
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
การ์ด 412
คำถาม
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
คำตอบ
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
การ์ด 413
คำถาม
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
คำตอบ
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
การ์ด 414
คำถาม
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
คำตอบ
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
การ์ด 415
คำถาม
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
คำตอบ
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
การ์ด 416
คำถาม
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
คำตอบ
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
การ์ด 417
คำถาม
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
คำตอบ
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
การ์ด 418
คำถาม
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
คำตอบ
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
การ์ด 419
คำถาม
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
คำตอบ
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
การ์ด 420
คำถาม
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
คำตอบ
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
การ์ด 421
คำถาม
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
คำตอบ
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
การ์ด 422
คำถาม
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
คำตอบ
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
การ์ด 423
คำถาม
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
คำตอบ
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
การ์ด 424
คำถาม
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
คำตอบ
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
การ์ด 425
คำถาม
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
คำตอบ
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
การ์ด 426
คำถาม
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
คำตอบ
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
การ์ด 427
คำถาม
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
คำตอบ
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
การ์ด 428
คำถาม
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
คำตอบ
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
การ์ด 429
คำถาม
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
การ์ด 430
คำถาม
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
คำตอบ
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
การ์ด 431
คำถาม
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
คำตอบ
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
การ์ด 432
คำถาม
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
คำตอบ
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
การ์ด 433
คำถาม
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
คำตอบ
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
การ์ด 434
คำถาม
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
คำตอบ
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
การ์ด 435
คำถาม
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
คำตอบ
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
การ์ด 436
คำถาม
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
คำตอบ
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
การ์ด 437
คำถาม
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
คำตอบ
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
การ์ด 438
คำถาม
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
คำตอบ
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
การ์ด 439
คำถาม
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
คำตอบ
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
การ์ด 440
คำถาม
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
คำตอบ
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
การ์ด 441
คำถาม
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
คำตอบ
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
การ์ด 442
คำถาม
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
คำตอบ
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
การ์ด 443
คำถาม
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
คำตอบ
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
การ์ด 444
คำถาม
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
คำตอบ
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
การ์ด 445
คำถาม
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
คำตอบ
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
การ์ด 446
คำถาม
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
คำตอบ
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
การ์ด 447
คำถาม
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
คำตอบ
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
การ์ด 448
คำถาม
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
คำตอบ
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
การ์ด 449
คำถาม
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
คำตอบ
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
การ์ด 450
คำถาม
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
คำตอบ
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
การ์ด 451
คำถาม
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
คำตอบ
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
การ์ด 452
คำถาม
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
คำตอบ
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
การ์ด 453
คำถาม
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
คำตอบ
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
การ์ด 454
คำถาม
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
คำตอบ
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
การ์ด 455
คำถาม
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
คำตอบ
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
การ์ด 456
คำถาม
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
คำตอบ
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
การ์ด 457
คำถาม
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
คำตอบ
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
การ์ด 458
คำถาม
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
คำตอบ
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
การ์ด 459
คำถาม
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
คำตอบ
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
การ์ด 460
คำถาม
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
คำตอบ
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
การ์ด 461
คำถาม
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
คำตอบ
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
การ์ด 462
คำถาม
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
คำตอบ
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
การ์ด 463
คำถาม
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
คำตอบ
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
การ์ด 464
คำถาม
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
คำตอบ
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
การ์ด 465
คำถาม
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
คำตอบ
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
การ์ด 466
คำถาม
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
คำตอบ
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
การ์ด 467
คำถาม
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
คำตอบ
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
การ์ด 468
คำถาม
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
คำตอบ
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
การ์ด 469
คำถาม
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
คำตอบ
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
การ์ด 470
คำถาม
What does a full backup contain?
คำตอบ
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
การ์ด 471
คำถาม
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
คำตอบ
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
การ์ด 472
คำถาม
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
คำตอบ
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
การ์ด 473
คำถาม
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
คำตอบ
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
การ์ด 474
คำถาม
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
คำตอบ
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
การ์ด 475
คำถาม
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
คำตอบ
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
การ์ด 476
คำถาม
What does an incremental backup copy?
คำตอบ
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
การ์ด 477
คำถาม
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
คำตอบ
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
การ์ด 478
คำถาม
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
คำตอบ
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
การ์ด 479
คำถาม
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
คำตอบ
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
การ์ด 480
คำถาม
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
คำตอบ
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
การ์ด 481
คำถาม
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
คำตอบ
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
การ์ด 482
คำถาม
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
คำตอบ
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
การ์ด 483
คำถาม
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
คำตอบ
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
การ์ด 484
คำถาม
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
คำตอบ
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
การ์ด 485
คำถาม
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
คำตอบ
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
การ์ด 486
คำถาม
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
คำตอบ
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
การ์ด 487
คำถาม
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
คำตอบ
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
การ์ด 488
คำถาม
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
คำตอบ
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
การ์ด 489
คำถาม
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
คำตอบ
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
การ์ด 490
คำถาม
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
คำตอบ
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
การ์ด 491
คำถาม
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
คำตอบ
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
การ์ด 492
คำถาม
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
คำตอบ
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
การ์ด 493
คำถาม
What does a differential backup copy?
คำตอบ
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
การ์ด 494
คำถาม
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
คำตอบ
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
การ์ด 495
คำถาม
How should loose components be handled and stored?
คำตอบ
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
การ์ด 496
คำถาม
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
คำตอบ
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
การ์ด 497
คำถาม
What is a synthetic full backup?
คำตอบ
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
การ์ด 498
คำถาม
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
คำตอบ
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
การ์ด 499
คำถาม
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
คำตอบ
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
การ์ด 500
คำถาม
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
คำตอบ
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
การ์ด 501
คำถาม
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
คำตอบ
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
การ์ด 502
คำถาม
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
คำตอบ
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
การ์ด 503
คำถาม
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
คำตอบ
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
การ์ด 504
คำถาม
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
คำตอบ
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
การ์ด 505
คำถาม
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
คำตอบ
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
การ์ด 506
คำถาม
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
คำตอบ
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
การ์ด 507
คำถาม
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
คำตอบ
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
การ์ด 508
คำถาม
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
คำตอบ
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
การ์ด 509
คำถาม
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
คำตอบ
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
การ์ด 510
คำถาม
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
คำตอบ
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
การ์ด 511
คำถาม
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
คำตอบ
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
การ์ด 512
คำถาม
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
คำตอบ
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
การ์ด 513
คำถาม
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
คำตอบ
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
การ์ด 514
คำถาม
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
คำตอบ
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
การ์ด 515
คำถาม
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
คำตอบ
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
การ์ด 516
คำถาม
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
คำตอบ
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
การ์ด 517
คำถาม
How do you know a backup is usable?
คำตอบ
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
การ์ด 518
คำถาม
What closes a well-managed change?
คำตอบ
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
การ์ด 519
คำถาม
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
คำตอบ
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
การ์ด 520
คำถาม
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
คำตอบ
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

520 การ์ด

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

เรียนเด็คนี้ฟรี

Nibomo จะเปิดขึ้นเพื่อให้คุณเริ่มเรียนได้ทันที

เกี่ยวกับเด็คนี้

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

การ์ดในเด็คนี้

การ์ด 1

การ์ด 2

การ์ด 3

การ์ด 4

การ์ด 5

การ์ด 6

การ์ด 7

การ์ด 8

การ์ด 9

การ์ด 10

การ์ด 11

การ์ด 12

การ์ด 13

การ์ด 14

การ์ด 15

การ์ด 16

การ์ด 17

การ์ด 18

การ์ด 19

การ์ด 20

การ์ด 21

การ์ด 22

การ์ด 23

การ์ด 24

การ์ด 25

การ์ด 26

การ์ด 27

การ์ด 28

การ์ด 29

การ์ด 30

การ์ด 31

การ์ด 32

การ์ด 33

การ์ด 34

การ์ด 35

การ์ด 36

การ์ด 37

การ์ด 38

การ์ด 39

การ์ด 40

การ์ด 41

การ์ด 42

การ์ด 43

การ์ด 44

การ์ด 45

การ์ด 46

การ์ด 47

การ์ด 48

การ์ด 49

การ์ด 50

การ์ด 51

การ์ด 52

การ์ด 53

การ์ด 54

การ์ด 55

การ์ด 56

การ์ด 57

การ์ด 58

การ์ด 59

การ์ด 60

การ์ด 61

การ์ด 62

การ์ด 63

การ์ด 64

การ์ด 65

การ์ด 66

การ์ด 67

การ์ด 68

การ์ด 69

การ์ด 70

การ์ด 71

การ์ด 72

การ์ด 73