CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Карти в това тесте

1. Карта 1

   Въпрос

   What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

   Отговор

   Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

2. Карта 2

   Въпрос

   Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

   Отговор

   A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

3. Карта 3

   Въпрос

   What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

   Отговор

   Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

4. Карта 4

   Въпрос

   What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

   Отговор

   A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

5. Карта 5

   Въпрос

   How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

   Отговор

   Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

6. Карта 6

   Въпрос

   Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

   Отговор

   Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

7. Карта 7

   Въпрос

   Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

   Отговор

   Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

8. Карта 8

   Въпрос

   A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

   Отговор

   Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

9. Карта 9

   Въпрос

   A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

   Отговор

   Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

10. Карта 10

    Въпрос

    Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

    Отговор

    To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

11. Карта 11

    Въпрос

    What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

    Отговор

    The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

12. Карта 12

    Въпрос

    How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

    Отговор

    They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

13. Карта 13

    Въпрос

    What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

    Отговор

    Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

14. Карта 14

    Въпрос

    What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

    Отговор

    The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

15. Карта 15

    Въпрос

    Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

    Отговор

    Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

16. Карта 16

    Въпрос

    How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

    Отговор

    A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

17. Карта 17

    Въпрос

    How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

    Отговор

    A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

18. Карта 18

    Въпрос

    What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

    Отговор

    Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

19. Карта 19

    Въпрос

    How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

    Отговор

    A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

20. Карта 20

    Въпрос

    Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

    Отговор

    Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

21. Карта 21

    Въпрос

    What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

    Отговор

    It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

22. Карта 22

    Въпрос

    How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

    Отговор

    They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

23. Карта 23

    Въпрос

    What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

    Отговор

    A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

24. Карта 24

    Въпрос

    What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

    Отговор

    Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

25. Карта 25

    Въпрос

    How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

    Отговор

    GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

26. Карта 26

    Въпрос

    Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

    Отговор

    Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

27. Карта 27

    Въпрос

    What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

    Отговор

    Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

28. Карта 28

    Въпрос

    A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

    Отговор

    Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

29. Карта 29

    Въпрос

    How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

    Отговор

    Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

30. Карта 30

    Въпрос

    What does mobile device management provide?

    Отговор

    Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

31. Карта 31

    Въпрос

    How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

    Отговор

    Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

32. Карта 32

    Въпрос

    What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

    Отговор

    Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

33. Карта 33

    Въпрос

    Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

    Отговор

    Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

34. Карта 34

    Въпрос

    When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

    Отговор

    When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

35. Карта 35

    Въпрос

    What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

    Отговор

    It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

36. Карта 36

    Въпрос

    How do TCP and UDP differ?

    Отговор

    TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

37. Карта 37

    Въпрос

    Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

    Отговор

    TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

38. Карта 38

    Въпрос

    Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

    Отговор

    TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

39. Карта 39

    Въпрос

    Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

    Отговор

    TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

40. Карта 40

    Въпрос

    Which port does DNS use?

    Отговор

    Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

41. Карта 41

    Въпрос

    Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

    Отговор

    UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

42. Карта 42

    Въпрос

    Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

    Отговор

    HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

43. Карта 43

    Въпрос

    Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

    Отговор

    TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

44. Карта 44

    Въпрос

    Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

    Отговор

    Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

45. Карта 45

    Въпрос

    Which default port does LDAP use?

    Отговор

    Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

46. Карта 46

    Въпрос

    Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

    Отговор

    TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

47. Карта 47

    Въпрос

    Which default port does RDP use?

    Отговор

    TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

48. Карта 48

    Въпрос

    Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

    Отговор

    TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

49. Карта 49

    Въпрос

    Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

    Отговор

    TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

50. Карта 50

    Въпрос

    How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

    Отговор

    802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

51. Карта 51

    Въпрос

    What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

    Отговор

    A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

52. Карта 52

    Въпрос

    What networking role does Bluetooth fill?

    Отговор

    Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.

53. Карта 53

    Въпрос

    How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?

    Отговор

    2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.

54. Карта 54

    Въпрос

    How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?

    Отговор

    NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.

55. Карта 55

    Въпрос

    What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?

    Отговор

    Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.

56. Карта 56

    Въпрос

    What is RFID used for?

    Отговор

    Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.

57. Карта 57

    Въпрос

    What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?

    Отговор

    Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.

58. Карта 58

    Въпрос

    How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?

    Отговор

    DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.

59. Карта 59

    Въпрос

    How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?

    Отговор

    A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.

60. Карта 60

    Въпрос

    How do mail and web servers differ?

    Отговор

    A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.

61. Карта 61

    Въпрос

    Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?

    Отговор

    Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.

62. Карта 62

    Въпрос

    How do AAA and database servers differ?

    Отговор

    An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.

63. Карта 63

    Въпрос

    How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?

    Отговор

    A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.

64. Карта 64

    Въпрос

    How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?

    Отговор

    A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.

65. Карта 65

    Въпрос

    Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?

    Отговор

    They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.

66. Карта 66

    Въпрос

    What does SCADA monitor or control?

    Отговор

    Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.

67. Карта 67

    Въпрос

    Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?

    Отговор

    Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.

68. Карта 68

    Въпрос

    Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.

    Отговор

    A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.

69. Карта 69

    Въпрос

    How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?

    Отговор

    The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.

70. Карта 70

    Въпрос

    What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?

    Отговор

    A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.

71. Карта 71

    Въпрос

    What does a VPN protect?

    Отговор

    Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.

72. Карта 72

    Въпрос

    How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?

    Отговор

    TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.

73. Карта 73

    Въпрос

    How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?

    Отговор

    A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.

74. Карта 74

    Въпрос

    How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?

    Отговор

    An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.

75. Карта 75

    Въпрос

    When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?

    Отговор

    Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.

76. Карта 76

    Въпрос

    How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?

    Отговор

    A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.

77. Карта 77

    Въпрос

    What does a wireless access point do?

    Отговор

    It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.

78. Карта 78

    Въпрос

    What is a patch panel's role?

    Отговор

    It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.

79. Карта 79

    Въпрос

    What is a firewall's core job?

    Отговор

    It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.

80. Карта 80

    Въпрос

    How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?

    Отговор

    A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.

81. Карта 81

    Въпрос

    How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?

    Отговор

    A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.

82. Карта 82

    Въпрос

    Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.

    Отговор

    Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.

83. Карта 83

    Въпрос

    How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?

    Отговор

    Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.

84. Карта 84

    Въпрос

    What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?

    Отговор

    APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.

85. Карта 85

    Въпрос

    When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?

    Отговор

    Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.

86. Карта 86

    Въпрос

    What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?

    Отговор

    Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.

87. Карта 87

    Въпрос

    How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?

    Отговор

    IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.

88. Карта 88

    Въпрос

    What does a default gateway provide?

    Отговор

    The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.

89. Карта 89

    Въпрос

    How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?

    Отговор

    Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.

90. Карта 90

    Въпрос

    How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?

    Отговор

    A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.

91. Карта 91

    Въпрос

    When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?

    Отговор

    Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.

92. Карта 92

    Въпрос

    How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?

    Отговор

    A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.

93. Карта 93

    Въпрос

    What is a storage area network?

    Отговор

    A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.

94. Карта 94

    Въпрос

    Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?

    Отговор

    A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.

95. Карта 95

    Въпрос

    How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?

    Отговор

    The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.

96. Карта 96

    Въпрос

    How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?

    Отговор

    A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.

97. Карта 97

    Въпрос

    How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?

    Отговор

    A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.

98. Карта 98

    Въпрос

    How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?

    Отговор

    IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.

99. Карта 99

    Въпрос

    How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?

    Отговор

    OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.

100. Карта 100

     Въпрос

     What does a touchscreen digitizer do?

     Отговор

     It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.

101. Карта 101

     Въпрос

     What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?

     Отговор

     It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.

102. Карта 102

     Въпрос

     How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?

     Отговор

     Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.

103. Карта 103

     Въпрос

     What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?

     Отговор

     Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.

104. Карта 104

     Въпрос

     How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?

     Отговор

     Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.

105. Карта 105

     Въпрос

     How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?

     Отговор

     Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.

106. Карта 106

     Въпрос

     What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?

     Отговор

     They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.

107. Карта 107

     Въпрос

     Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?

     Отговор

     Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.

108. Карта 108

     Въпрос

     Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.

     Отговор

     RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.

109. Карта 109

     Въпрос

     How do DVI and VGA differ?

     Отговор

     DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.

110. Карта 110

     Въпрос

     How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?

     Отговор

     Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.

111. Карта 111

     Въпрос

     What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?

     Отговор

     USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.

112. Карта 112

     Въпрос

     How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?

     Отговор

     SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.

113. Карта 113

     Въпрос

     Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?

     Отговор

     A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.

114. Карта 114

     Въпрос

     When does a cable adapter need active electronics?

     Отговор

     When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.

115. Карта 115

     Въпрос

     Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?

     Отговор

     Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.

116. Карта 116

     Въпрос

     Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?

     Отговор

     USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.

117. Карта 117

     Въпрос

     Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?

     Отговор

     No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.

118. Карта 118

     Въпрос

     How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?

     Отговор

     ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.

119. Карта 119

     Въпрос

     What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?

     Отговор

     Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.

120. Карта 120

     Въпрос

     What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?

     Отговор

     They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.

121. Карта 121

     Въпрос

     What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?

     Отговор

     The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.

122. Карта 122

     Въпрос

     How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?

     Отговор

     RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.

123. Карта 123

     Въпрос

     How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?

     Отговор

     The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.

124. Карта 124

     Въпрос

     How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?

     Отговор

     A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.

125. Карта 125

     Въпрос

     Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?

     Отговор

     USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.

126. Карта 126

     Въпрос

     How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?

     Отговор

     RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.

127. Карта 127

     Въпрос

     What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?

     Отговор

     SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.

128. Карта 128

     Въпрос

     How do M.2 and mSATA differ?

     Отговор

     M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.

129. Карта 129

     Въпрос

     When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?

     Отговор

     Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.

130. Карта 130

     Въпрос

     How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?

     Отговор

     They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.

131. Карта 131

     Въпрос

     Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.

     Отговор

     PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.

132. Карта 132

     Въпрос

     What does RAID 10 provide?

     Отговор

     Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.

133. Карта 133

     Въпрос

     What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?

     Отговор

     The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.

134. Карта 134

     Въпрос

     Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?

     Отговор

     Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.

135. Карта 135

     Въпрос

     How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?

     Отговор

     Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.

136. Карта 136

     Въпрос

     How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?

     Отговор

     They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.

137. Карта 137

     Въпрос

     What does adding CPU cores improve?

     Отговор

     Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.

138. Карта 138

     Въпрос

     Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.

     Отговор

     Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.

139. Карта 139

     Въпрос

     How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?

     Отговор

     A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.

140. Карта 140

     Въпрос

     How do fans and heat sinks work together?

     Отговор

     A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.

141. Карта 141

     Въпрос

     Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?

     Отговор

     They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.

142. Карта 142

     Въпрос

     What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?

     Отговор

     A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.

143. Карта 143

     Въпрос

     What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?

     Отговор

     A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.

144. Карта 144

     Въпрос

     What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?

     Отговор

     Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.

145. Карта 145

     Въпрос

     What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?

     Отговор

     They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.

146. Карта 146

     Въпрос

     What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?

     Отговор

     The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.

147. Карта 147

     Въпрос

     How should PSU wattage be chosen?

     Отговор

     Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.

148. Карта 148

     Въпрос

     What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?

     Отговор

     Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.

149. Карта 149

     Въпрос

     What does a redundant power supply provide?

     Отговор

     Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.

150. Карта 150

     Въпрос

     Why does PSU efficiency matter?

     Отговор

     Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.

151. Карта 151

     Въпрос

     How does a laser printer create and fix an image?

     Отговор

     It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.

152. Карта 152

     Въпрос

     What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?

     Отговор

     Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.

153. Карта 153

     Въпрос

     How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?

     Отговор

     PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.

154. Карта 154

     Въпрос

     What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?

     Отговор

     Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.

155. Карта 155

     Въпрос

     Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?

     Отговор

     Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.

156. Карта 156

     Въпрос

     How do printer sharing and a print server differ?

     Отговор

     A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.

157. Карта 157

     Въпрос

     Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?

     Отговор

     Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.

158. Карта 158

     Въпрос

     Which controls protect a public or shared printer?

     Отговор

     User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.

159. Карта 159

     Въпрос

     How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?

     Отговор

     Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.

160. Карта 160

     Въпрос

     Where can a network multifunction device send scans?

     Отговор

     Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.

161. Карта 161

     Въпрос

     When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?

     Отговор

     Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.

162. Карта 162

     Въпрос

     What does printer calibration correct?

     Отговор

     Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.

163. Карта 163

     Въпрос

     Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?

     Отговор

     Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.

164. Карта 164

     Въпрос

     What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?

     Отговор

     Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.

165. Карта 165

     Въпрос

     How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?

     Отговор

     Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.

166. Карта 166

     Въпрос

     What is a virtual machine?

     Отговор

     A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.

167. Карта 167

     Въпрос

     Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?

     Отговор

     Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.

168. Карта 168

     Въпрос

     Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?

     Отговор

     It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.

169. Карта 169

     Въпрос

     Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?

     Отговор

     vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.

170. Карта 170

     Въпрос

     What does application virtualization do?

     Отговор

     It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.

171. Карта 171

     Въпрос

     Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?

     Отговор

     As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.

172. Карта 172

     Въпрос

     Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?

     Отговор

     The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.

173. Карта 173

     Въпрос

     What must be planned for VM networking?

     Отговор

     Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.

174. Карта 174

     Въпрос

     What does VDI deliver?

     Отговор

     Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.

175. Карта 175

     Въпрос

     What must be planned for VM storage?

     Отговор

     Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.

176. Карта 176

     Въпрос

     How does a container differ from a typical VM?

     Отговор

     A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.

177. Карта 177

     Въпрос

     How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?

     Отговор

     A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.

178. Карта 178

     Въпрос

     What does a container image provide?

     Отговор

     A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.

179. Карта 179

     Въпрос

     A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?

     Отговор

     Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.

180. Карта 180

     Въпрос

     What defines a public cloud?

     Отговор

     It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.

181. Карта 181

     Въпрос

     What does IaaS provide?

     Отговор

     Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.

182. Карта 182

     Въпрос

     What is cloud elasticity?

     Отговор

     The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.

183. Карта 183

     Въпрос

     What does metered cloud utilization measure?

     Отговор

     Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.

184. Карта 184

     Въпрос

     What defines a private cloud?

     Отговор

     Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.

185. Карта 185

     Въпрос

     What does SaaS provide?

     Отговор

     A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.

186. Карта 186

     Въпрос

     How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?

     Отговор

     Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.

187. Карта 187

     Въпрос

     What is high availability designed to reduce?

     Отговор

     Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.

188. Карта 188

     Въпрос

     What is a hybrid cloud?

     Отговор

     A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.

189. Карта 189

     Въпрос

     What does PaaS provide?

     Отговор

     A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.

190. Карта 190

     Въпрос

     What do cloud ingress and egress mean?

     Отговор

     Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.

191. Карта 191

     Въпрос

     What does cloud multitenancy mean?

     Отговор

     Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.

192. Карта 192

     Въпрос

     What is a community cloud?

     Отговор

     Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.

193. Карта 193

     Въпрос

     What does FaaS run?

     Отговор

     Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.

194. Карта 194

     Въпрос

     Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?

     Отговор

     No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.

195. Карта 195

     Въпрос

     What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?

     Отговор

     A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.

196. Карта 196

     Въпрос

     A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?

     Отговор

     Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.

197. Карта 197

     Въпрос

     A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?

     Отговор

     At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.

198. Карта 198

     Въпрос

     A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?

     Отговор

     Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.

199. Карта 199

     Въпрос

     A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?

     Отговор

     Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.

200. Карта 200

     Въпрос

     A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?

     Отговор

     Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.

201. Карта 201

     Въпрос

     A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.

202. Карта 202

     Въпрос

     You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?

     Отговор

     Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.

203. Карта 203

     Въпрос

     A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?

     Отговор

     Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.

204. Карта 204

     Въпрос

     Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?

     Отговор

     Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.

205. Карта 205

     Въпрос

     A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.

206. Карта 206

     Въпрос

     What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?

     Отговор

     Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.

207. Карта 207

     Въпрос

     A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?

     Отговор

     A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.

208. Карта 208

     Въпрос

     Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?

     Отговор

     Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.

209. Карта 209

     Въпрос

     A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?

     Отговор

     Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.

210. Карта 210

     Въпрос

     How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?

     Отговор

     Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.

211. Карта 211

     Въпрос

     A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?

     Отговор

     Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.

212. Карта 212

     Въпрос

     A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?

     Отговор

     Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.

213. Карта 213

     Въпрос

     A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?

     Отговор

     Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.

214. Карта 214

     Въпрос

     Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?

     Отговор

     Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.

215. Карта 215

     Въпрос

     A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?

     Отговор

     Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.

216. Карта 216

     Въпрос

     A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.

217. Карта 217

     Въпрос

     What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?

     Отговор

     Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.

218. Карта 218

     Въпрос

     Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.

219. Карта 219

     Въпрос

     A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?

     Отговор

     Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.

220. Карта 220

     Въпрос

     What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?

     Отговор

     A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.

221. Карта 221

     Въпрос

     A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?

     Отговор

     Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.

222. Карта 222

     Въпрос

     A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.

223. Карта 223

     Въпрос

     Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?

     Отговор

     Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.

224. Карта 224

     Въпрос

     How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?

     Отговор

     Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.

225. Карта 225

     Въпрос

     A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.

226. Карта 226

     Въпрос

     A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?

     Отговор

     Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.

227. Карта 227

     Въпрос

     A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?

     Отговор

     Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.

228. Карта 228

     Въпрос

     Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.

229. Карта 229

     Въпрос

     A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?

     Отговор

     The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.

230. Карта 230

     Въпрос

     A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?

     Отговор

     Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.

231. Карта 231

     Въпрос

     A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?

     Отговор

     Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.

232. Карта 232

     Въпрос

     A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?

     Отговор

     Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.

233. Карта 233

     Въпрос

     A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?

     Отговор

     Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.

234. Карта 234

     Въпрос

     A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?

     Отговор

     Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.

235. Карта 235

     Въпрос

     A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?

     Отговор

     Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.

236. Карта 236

     Въпрос

     Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.

237. Карта 237

     Въпрос

     A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.

238. Карта 238

     Въпрос

     A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?

     Отговор

     Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.

239. Карта 239

     Въпрос

     A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.

240. Карта 240

     Въпрос

     An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.

241. Карта 241

     Въпрос

     Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?

     Отговор

     Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.

242. Карта 242

     Въпрос

     Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.

243. Карта 243

     Въпрос

     A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?

     Отговор

     Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.

244. Карта 244

     Въпрос

     A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?

     Отговор

     Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.

245. Карта 245

     Въпрос

     Which tools help locate high latency?

     Отговор

     Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.

246. Карта 246

     Въпрос

     What signs point to external wireless interference?

     Отговор

     Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.

247. Карта 247

     Въпрос

     A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?

     Отговор

     Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.

248. Карта 248

     Въпрос

     A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?

     Отговор

     At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.

249. Карта 249

     Въпрос

     VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?

     Отговор

     Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.

250. Карта 250

     Въпрос

     Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?

     Отговор

     Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.

251. Карта 251

     Въпрос

     A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?

     Отговор

     DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.

252. Карта 252

     Въпрос

     A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?

     Отговор

     Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.

253. Карта 253

     Въпрос

     Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.

254. Карта 254

     Въпрос

     A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?

     Отговор

     Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.

255. Карта 255

     Въпрос

     A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.

256. Карта 256

     Въпрос

     Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?

     Отговор

     Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.

257. Карта 257

     Въпрос

     A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.

258. Карта 258

     Въпрос

     A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?

     Отговор

     Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.

259. Карта 259

     Въпрос

     A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?

     Отговор

     Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.

260. Карта 260

     Въпрос

     Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?

     Отговор

     Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.

     

     520 карти

     CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

     Учете с това тесте безплатно

     Nibomo се отваря, за да започнете да учите.

261. Карта 261

     Въпрос

     Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.

262. Карта 262

     Въпрос

     A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?

     Отговор

     Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.

263. Карта 263

     Въпрос

     Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.

264. Карта 264

     Въпрос

     A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.

265. Карта 265

     Въпрос

     What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?

     Отговор

     Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.

266. Карта 266

     Въпрос

     A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.

267. Карта 267

     Въпрос

     A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?

     Отговор

     Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.

268. Карта 268

     Въпрос

     A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?

     Отговор

     Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.

269. Карта 269

     Въпрос

     A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.

270. Карта 270

     Въпрос

     A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?

     Отговор

     Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.

271. Карта 271

     Въпрос

     Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?

     Отговор

     Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.

272. Карта 272

     Въпрос

     When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?

     Отговор

     Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.

273. Карта 273

     Въпрос

     Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?

     Отговор

     dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.

274. Карта 274

     Въпрос

     Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?

     Отговор

     Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.

275. Карта 275

     Въпрос

     What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?

     Отговор

     Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.

276. Карта 276

     Въпрос

     How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?

     Отговор

     Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.

277. Карта 277

     Въпрос

     Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?

     Отговор

     ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.

278. Карта 278

     Въпрос

     What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?

     Отговор

     It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.

279. Карта 279

     Въпрос

     Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?

     Отговор

     Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.

280. Карта 280

     Въпрос

     Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?

     Отговор

     NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.

281. Карта 281

     Въпрос

     Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?

     Отговор

     Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.

282. Карта 282

     Въпрос

     What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?

     Отговор

     A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.

283. Карта 283

     Въпрос

     Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?

     Отговор

     Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.

284. Карта 284

     Въпрос

     Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?

     Отговор

     ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.

285. Карта 285

     Въпрос

     Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?

     Отговор

     Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.

286. Карта 286

     Въпрос

     What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?

     Отговор

     Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.

287. Карта 287

     Въпрос

     What should you compare before installing a demanding application?

     Отговор

     Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.

288. Карта 288

     Въпрос

     Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?

     Отговор

     Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.

289. Карта 289

     Въпрос

     Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?

     Отговор

     nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.

290. Карта 290

     Въпрос

     Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?

     Отговор

     Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.

291. Карта 291

     Въпрос

     What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?

     Отговор

     Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.

292. Карта 292

     Въпрос

     When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?

     Отговор

     Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.

293. Карта 293

     Въпрос

     Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?

     Отговор

     The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.

294. Карта 294

     Въпрос

     How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?

     Отговор

     FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.

295. Карта 295

     Въпрос

     What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?

     Отговор

     Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.

296. Карта 296

     Въпрос

     Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?

     Отговор

     Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.

297. Карта 297

     Въпрос

     When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?

     Отговор

     Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.

298. Карта 298

     Въпрос

     How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?

     Отговор

     A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.

299. Карта 299

     Въпрос

     Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?

     Отговор

     netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.

300. Карта 300

     Въпрос

     Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?

     Отговор

     Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.

301. Карта 301

     Въпрос

     What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?

     Отговор

     The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.

302. Карта 302

     Въпрос

     What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?

     Отговор

     They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.

303. Карта 303

     Въпрос

     What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?

     Отговор

     A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.

304. Карта 304

     Въпрос

     Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?

     Отговор

     The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.

305. Карта 305

     Въпрос

     Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?

     Отговор

     ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.

306. Карта 306

     Въпрос

     What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?

     Отговор

     High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.

307. Карта 307

     Въпрос

     Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?

     Отговор

     It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.

308. Карта 308

     Въпрос

     When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?

     Отговор

     Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.

309. Карта 309

     Въпрос

     Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?

     Отговор

     tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.

310. Карта 310

     Въпрос

     Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?

     Отговор

     Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.

311. Карта 311

     Въпрос

     What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?

     Отговор

     It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.

312. Карта 312

     Въпрос

     Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?

     Отговор

     GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.

313. Карта 313

     Въпрос

     What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?

     Отговор

     Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.

314. Карта 314

     Въпрос

     When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?

     Отговор

     It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.

315. Карта 315

     Въпрос

     How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?

     Отговор

     chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.

316. Карта 316

     Въпрос

     Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?

     Отговор

     chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.

317. Карта 317

     Въпрос

     What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?

     Отговор

     Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.

318. Карта 318

     Въпрос

     What does a client VPN connection provide?

     Отговор

     It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.

319. Карта 319

     Въпрос

     Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?

     Отговор

     apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.

320. Карта 320

     Въпрос

     When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?

     Отговор

     Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.

321. Карта 321

     Въпрос

     Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?

     Отговор

     diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.

322. Карта 322

     Въпрос

     Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?

     Отговор

     UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.

323. Карта 323

     Въпрос

     What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?

     Отговор

     Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.

324. Карта 324

     Въпрос

     Why mark a Windows connection as metered?

     Отговор

     It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.

325. Карта 325

     Въпрос

     Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?

     Отговор

     APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.

326. Карта 326

     Въпрос

     Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?

     Отговор

     df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.

327. Карта 327

     Въпрос

     What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?

     Отговор

     Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.

328. Карта 328

     Въпрос

     Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?

     Отговор

     Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.

329. Карта 329

     Въпрос

     What is the safest source for an application installer?

     Отговор

     Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.

330. Карта 330

     Въпрос

     Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?

     Отговор

     robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.

331. Карта 331

     Въпрос

     Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?

     Отговор

     Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.

332. Карта 332

     Въпрос

     Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?

     Отговор

     System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.

333. Карта 333

     Въпрос

     What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?

     Отговор

     Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.

334. Карта 334

     Въпрос

     What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?

     Отговор

     The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.

335. Карта 335

     Въпрос

     Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?

     Отговор

     sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.

336. Карта 336

     Въпрос

     What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?

     Отговор

     It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.

337. Карта 337

     Въпрос

     What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?

     Отговор

     It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.

338. Карта 338

     Въпрос

     What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?

     Отговор

     Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.

339. Карта 339

     Въпрос

     Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?

     Отговор

     A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.

340. Карта 340

     Въпрос

     Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?

     Отговор

     The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.

341. Карта 341

     Въпрос

     Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?

     Отговор

     Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.

342. Карта 342

     Въпрос

     What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?

     Отговор

     It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.

343. Карта 343

     Въпрос

     What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?

     Отговор

     Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.

344. Карта 344

     Въпрос

     What is the first step in a suspected malware case?

     Отговор

     Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.

345. Карта 345

     Въпрос

     What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?

     Отговор

     It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.

346. Карта 346

     Въпрос

     How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?

     Отговор

     Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.

347. Карта 347

     Въпрос

     Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?

     Отговор

     Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.

348. Карта 348

     Въпрос

     Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?

     Отговор

     A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.

349. Карта 349

     Въпрос

     What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?

     Отговор

     A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.

350. Карта 350

     Въпрос

     Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?

     Отговор

     The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.

351. Карта 351

     Въпрос

     What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?

     Отговор

     It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.

352. Карта 352

     Въпрос

     Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?

     Отговор

     Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.

353. Карта 353

     Въпрос

     What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?

     Отговор

     Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.

354. Карта 354

     Въпрос

     Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?

     Отговор

     A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.

355. Карта 355

     Въпрос

     What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?

     Отговор

     Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.

356. Карта 356

     Въпрос

     What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?

     Отговор

     They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.

357. Карта 357

     Въпрос

     What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?

     Отговор

     Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.

358. Карта 358

     Въпрос

     How should you verify a browser download before running it?

     Отговор

     Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.

359. Карта 359

     Въпрос

     What does a computer virus need in order to spread?

     Отговор

     A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.

360. Карта 360

     Въпрос

     When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?

     Отговор

     Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.

361. Карта 361

     Въпрос

     How does tailgating differ from impersonation?

     Отговор

     Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.

362. Карта 362

     Въпрос

     What does the principle of least privilege require?

     Отговор

     Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.

363. Карта 363

     Въпрос

     What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?

     Отговор

     It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.

364. Карта 364

     Въпрос

     Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?

     Отговор

     WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.

365. Карта 365

     Въпрос

     How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?

     Отговор

     A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.

366. Карта 366

     Въпрос

     What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?

     Отговор

     No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.

367. Карта 367

     Въпрос

     Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?

     Отговор

     Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.

368. Карта 368

     Въпрос

     How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?

     Отговор

     Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.

369. Карта 369

     Въпрос

     Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?

     Отговор

     Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.

370. Карта 370

     Въпрос

     What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?

     Отговор

     An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.

371. Карта 371

     Въпрос

     What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?

     Отговор

     Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.

372. Карта 372

     Въпрос

     What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?

     Отговор

     Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.

373. Карта 373

     Въпрос

     What does an access control list decide?

     Отговор

     An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.

374. Карта 374

     Въпрос

     Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?

     Отговор

     Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.

375. Карта 375

     Въпрос

     How should router management access be exposed?

     Отговор

     Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.

376. Карта 376

     Въпрос

     How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?

     Отговор

     Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.

377. Карта 377

     Въпрос

     Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?

     Отговор

     Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.

378. Карта 378

     Въпрос

     What happens in an on-path attack?

     Отговор

     The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.

379. Карта 379

     Въпрос

     How do browser patches and extension controls work together?

     Отговор

     Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.

380. Карта 380

     Въпрос

     How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?

     Отговор

     Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.

381. Карта 381

     Въпрос

     Why disable AutoRun and unused services?

     Отговор

     They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.

382. Карта 382

     Въпрос

     Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?

     Отговор

     Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.

383. Карта 383

     Въпрос

     Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?

     Отговор

     Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.

384. Карта 384

     Въпрос

     What makes authentication multifactor?

     Отговор

     It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.

385. Карта 385

     Въпрос

     Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?

     Отговор

     AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.

386. Карта 386

     Въпрос

     What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?

     Отговор

     Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.

387. Карта 387

     Въпрос

     Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?

     Отговор

     A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.

388. Карта 388

     Въпрос

     When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?

     Отговор

     Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.

389. Карта 389

     Въпрос

     Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?

     Отговор

     TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.

390. Карта 390

     Въпрос

     When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?

     Отговор

     Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.

391. Карта 391

     Въпрос

     What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?

     Отговор

     It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.

392. Карта 392

     Въпрос

     How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?

     Отговор

     A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.

393. Карта 393

     Въпрос

     How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?

     Отговор

     SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.

394. Карта 394

     Въпрос

     Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?

     Отговор

     They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.

395. Карта 395

     Въпрос

     What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?

     Отговор

     Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.

396. Карта 396

     Въпрос

     What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?

     Отговор

     A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.

397. Карта 397

     Въпрос

     When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?

     Отговор

     It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.

398. Карта 398

     Въпрос

     What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?

     Отговор

     Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.

399. Карта 399

     Въпрос

     Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?

     Отговор

     SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.

400. Карта 400

     Въпрос

     Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?

     Отговор

     A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.

401. Карта 401

     Въпрос

     Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?

     Отговор

     Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.

402. Карта 402

     Въпрос

     When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?

     Отговор

     Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.

403. Карта 403

     Въпрос

     Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?

     Отговор

     It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.

404. Карта 404

     Въпрос

     Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?

     Отговор

     They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.

405. Карта 405

     Въпрос

     What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?

     Отговор

     Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.

406. Карта 406

     Въпрос

     What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?

     Отговор

     Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.

407. Карта 407

     Въпрос

     Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?

     Отговор

     RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.

408. Карта 408

     Въпрос

     How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?

     Отговор

     MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.

409. Карта 409

     Въпрос

     How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?

     Отговор

     A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.

410. Карта 410

     Въпрос

     What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?

     Отговор

     Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.

411. Карта 411

     Въпрос

     What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?

     Отговор

     Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.

412. Карта 412

     Въпрос

     What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?

     Отговор

     Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.

413. Карта 413

     Въпрос

     What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?

     Отговор

     Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.

414. Карта 414

     Въпрос

     What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?

     Отговор

     Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.

415. Карта 415

     Въпрос

     Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?

     Отговор

     Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.

416. Карта 416

     Въпрос

     How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?

     Отговор

     Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.

417. Карта 417

     Въпрос

     Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?

     Отговор

     It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.

418. Карта 418

     Въпрос

     What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?

     Отговор

     Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.

419. Карта 419

     Въпрос

     What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?

     Отговор

     Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.

420. Карта 420

     Въпрос

     What commonly blocks a mobile app update?

     Отговор

     Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.

421. Карта 421

     Въпрос

     What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?

     Отговор

     Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.

422. Карта 422

     Въпрос

     How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?

     Отговор

     It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.

423. Карта 423

     Въпрос

     What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?

     Отговор

     Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.

424. Карта 424

     Въпрос

     What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?

     Отговор

     Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.

425. Карта 425

     Въпрос

     What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?

     Отговор

     A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.

426. Карта 426

     Въпрос

     What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?

     Отговор

     Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.

427. Карта 427

     Въпрос

     What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?

     Отговор

     Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.

428. Карта 428

     Въпрос

     Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?

     Отговор

     Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.

429. Карта 429

     Въпрос

     What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.

430. Карта 430

     Въпрос

     What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?

     Отговор

     Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.

431. Карта 431

     Въпрос

     What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?

     Отговор

     Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.

432. Карта 432

     Въпрос

     A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?

     Отговор

     Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.

433. Карта 433

     Въпрос

     How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?

     Отговор

     A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.

434. Карта 434

     Въпрос

     Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?

     Отговор

     Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.

435. Карта 435

     Въпрос

     How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?

     Отговор

     Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.

436. Карта 436

     Въпрос

     How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?

     Отговор

     Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.

437. Карта 437

     Въпрос

     What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?

     Отговор

     Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.

438. Карта 438

     Въпрос

     Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?

     Отговор

     Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.

439. Карта 439

     Въпрос

     What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?

     Отговор

     Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.

440. Карта 440

     Въпрос

     What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?

     Отговор

     Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.

441. Карта 441

     Въпрос

     What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?

     Отговор

     A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.

442. Карта 442

     Въпрос

     What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?

     Отговор

     Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.

443. Карта 443

     Въпрос

     What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?

     Отговор

     Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.

444. Карта 444

     Въпрос

     What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?

     Отговор

     Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.

445. Карта 445

     Въпрос

     What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?

     Отговор

     Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.

446. Карта 446

     Въпрос

     When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?

     Отговор

     Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.

447. Карта 447

     Въпрос

     What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?

     Отговор

     Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.

448. Карта 448

     Въпрос

     What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?

     Отговор

     Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.

449. Карта 449

     Въпрос

     What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?

     Отговор

     Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.

450. Карта 450

     Въпрос

     What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?

     Отговор

     Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.

451. Карта 451

     Въпрос

     How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?

     Отговор

     Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.

452. Карта 452

     Въпрос

     What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?

     Отговор

     Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.

453. Карта 453

     Въпрос

     How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?

     Отговор

     Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.

454. Карта 454

     Въпрос

     What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?

     Отговор

     Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.

455. Карта 455

     Въпрос

     What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?

     Отговор

     Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.

456. Карта 456

     Въпрос

     Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?

     Отговор

     Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.

457. Карта 457

     Въпрос

     What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?

     Отговор

     An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.

458. Карта 458

     Въпрос

     What makes a browser extension suspicious?

     Отговор

     An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.

459. Карта 459

     Въпрос

     What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?

     Отговор

     Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.

460. Карта 460

     Въпрос

     When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?

     Отговор

     Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.

461. Карта 461

     Въпрос

     What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?

     Отговор

     A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.

462. Карта 462

     Въпрос

     What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?

     Отговор

     Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.

463. Карта 463

     Въпрос

     How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?

     Отговор

     It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.

464. Карта 464

     Въпрос

     How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?

     Отговор

     Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.

465. Карта 465

     Въпрос

     What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?

     Отговор

     Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.

466. Карта 466

     Въпрос

     Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?

     Отговор

     Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.

467. Карта 467

     Въпрос

     When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?

     Отговор

     Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.

468. Карта 468

     Въпрос

     What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?

     Отговор

     Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.

469. Карта 469

     Въпрос

     What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?

     Отговор

     Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.

470. Карта 470

     Въпрос

     What does a full backup contain?

     Отговор

     A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.

471. Карта 471

     Въпрос

     Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?

     Отговор

     Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.

472. Карта 472

     Въпрос

     What should a change request state before technical planning begins?

     Отговор

     State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.

473. Карта 473

     Въпрос

     What does active listening look like in a support conversation?

     Отговор

     Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.

474. Карта 474

     Въпрос

     What does chain of custody record during an incident?

     Отговор

     It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.

475. Карта 475

     Въпрос

     What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?

     Отговор

     It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.

476. Карта 476

     Въпрос

     What does an incremental backup copy?

     Отговор

     It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.

477. Карта 477

     Въпрос

     How should a technician respond to an angry customer?

     Отговор

     Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.

478. Карта 478

     Въпрос

     Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?

     Отговор

     More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.

479. Карта 479

     Въпрос

     Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?

     Отговор

     A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.

480. Карта 480

     Въпрос

     How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?

     Отговор

     Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.

481. Карта 481

     Въпрос

     How should severity and escalation be recorded?

     Отговор

     Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.

482. Карта 482

     Въпрос

     Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?

     Отговор

     A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.

483. Карта 483

     Въпрос

     When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?

     Отговор

     Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.

484. Карта 484

     Въпрос

     How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?

     Отговор

     Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.

485. Карта 485

     Въпрос

     What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?

     Отговор

     A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.

486. Карта 486

     Въпрос

     What should progress and resolution notes contain?

     Отговор

     Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.

487. Карта 487

     Въпрос

     Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?

     Отговор

     Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.

488. Карта 488

     Въпрос

     Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?

     Отговор

     AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.

489. Карта 489

     Въпрос

     What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?

     Отговор

     Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.

490. Карта 490

     Въпрос

     How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?

     Отговор

     SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.

491. Карта 491

     Въпрос

     How should a technician set expectations for a repair?

     Отговор

     Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.

492. Карта 492

     Въпрос

     Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?

     Отговор

     A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.

493. Карта 493

     Въпрос

     What does a differential backup copy?

     Отговор

     It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.

494. Карта 494

     Въпрос

     Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?

     Отговор

     The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.

495. Карта 495

     Въпрос

     How should loose components be handled and stored?

     Отговор

     Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.

496. Карта 496

     Въпрос

     Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?

     Отговор

     Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.

497. Карта 497

     Въпрос

     What is a synthetic full backup?

     Отговор

     It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.

498. Карта 498

     Въпрос

     How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?

     Отговор

     The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.

499. Карта 499

     Въпрос

     What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?

     Отговор

     Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.

500. Карта 500

     Въпрос

     Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?

     Отговор

     A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.

501. Карта 501

     Въпрос

     How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?

     Отговор

     GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.

502. Карта 502

     Въпрос

     Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?

     Отговор

     Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.

503. Карта 503

     Въпрос

     What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?

     Отговор

     It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.

504. Карта 504

     Въпрос

     What policy questions should come before using AI at work?

     Отговор

     Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.

505. Карта 505

     Въпрос

     Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?

     Отговор

     Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.

506. Карта 506

     Въпрос

     What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?

     Отговор

     They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.

507. Карта 507

     Въпрос

     What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?

     Отговор

     Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.

508. Карта 508

     Въпрос

     What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?

     Отговор

     RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.

509. Карта 509

     Въпрос

     How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?

     Отговор

     Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.

510. Карта 510

     Въпрос

     How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?

     Отговор

     A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.

511. Карта 511

     Въпрос

     What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?

     Отговор

     Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.

512. Карта 512

     Въпрос

     How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?

     Отговор

     An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.

513. Карта 513

     Въпрос

     When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?

     Отговор

     Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.

514. Карта 514

     Въпрос

     Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?

     Отговор

     Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.

515. Карта 515

     Въпрос

     What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?

     Отговор

     Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.

516. Карта 516

     Въпрос

     What safety problems does good cable management prevent?

     Отговор

     It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.

517. Карта 517

     Въпрос

     How do you know a backup is usable?

     Отговор

     Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.

518. Карта 518

     Въпрос

     What closes a well-managed change?

     Отговор

     Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.

519. Карта 519

     Въпрос

     How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?

     Отговор

     View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.

520. Карта 520

     Въпрос

     What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?

     Отговор

     Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

520 карти

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

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