CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

اس ڈیک کے کارڈز

1. کارڈ 1

   سوال

   What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

   جواب

   Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

2. کارڈ 2

   سوال

   Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

   جواب

   A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

3. کارڈ 3

   سوال

   What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

   جواب

   Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

4. کارڈ 4

   سوال

   What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

   جواب

   A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

5. کارڈ 5

   سوال

   How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

   جواب

   Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

6. کارڈ 6

   سوال

   Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

   جواب

   Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

7. کارڈ 7

   سوال

   Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

   جواب

   Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

8. کارڈ 8

   سوال

   A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

   جواب

   Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

9. کارڈ 9

   سوال

   A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

   جواب

   Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

10. کارڈ 10

    سوال

    Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

    جواب

    To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

11. کارڈ 11

    سوال

    What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

    جواب

    The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

12. کارڈ 12

    سوال

    How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

    جواب

    They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

13. کارڈ 13

    سوال

    What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

    جواب

    Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

14. کارڈ 14

    سوال

    What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

    جواب

    The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

15. کارڈ 15

    سوال

    Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

    جواب

    Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

16. کارڈ 16

    سوال

    How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

    جواب

    A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

17. کارڈ 17

    سوال

    How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

    جواب

    A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

18. کارڈ 18

    سوال

    What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

    جواب

    Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

19. کارڈ 19

    سوال

    How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

    جواب

    A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

20. کارڈ 20

    سوال

    Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

    جواب

    Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

21. کارڈ 21

    سوال

    What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

    جواب

    It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

22. کارڈ 22

    سوال

    How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

    جواب

    They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

23. کارڈ 23

    سوال

    What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

    جواب

    A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

24. کارڈ 24

    سوال

    What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

    جواب

    Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

25. کارڈ 25

    سوال

    How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

    جواب

    GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

26. کارڈ 26

    سوال

    Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

    جواب

    Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

27. کارڈ 27

    سوال

    What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

    جواب

    Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

28. کارڈ 28

    سوال

    A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

    جواب

    Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

29. کارڈ 29

    سوال

    How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

    جواب

    Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

30. کارڈ 30

    سوال

    What does mobile device management provide?

    جواب

    Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

31. کارڈ 31

    سوال

    How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

    جواب

    Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

32. کارڈ 32

    سوال

    What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

    جواب

    Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

33. کارڈ 33

    سوال

    Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

    جواب

    Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

34. کارڈ 34

    سوال

    When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

    جواب

    When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

35. کارڈ 35

    سوال

    What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

    جواب

    It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

36. کارڈ 36

    سوال

    How do TCP and UDP differ?

    جواب

    TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

37. کارڈ 37

    سوال

    Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

    جواب

    TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

38. کارڈ 38

    سوال

    Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

    جواب

    TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

39. کارڈ 39

    سوال

    Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

    جواب

    TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

40. کارڈ 40

    سوال

    Which port does DNS use?

    جواب

    Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

41. کارڈ 41

    سوال

    Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

    جواب

    UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

42. کارڈ 42

    سوال

    Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

    جواب

    HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

43. کارڈ 43

    سوال

    Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

    جواب

    TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

44. کارڈ 44

    سوال

    Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

    جواب

    Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

45. کارڈ 45

    سوال

    Which default port does LDAP use?

    جواب

    Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

46. کارڈ 46

    سوال

    Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

    جواب

    TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

47. کارڈ 47

    سوال

    Which default port does RDP use?

    جواب

    TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

48. کارڈ 48

    سوال

    Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

    جواب

    TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

49. کارڈ 49

    سوال

    Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

    جواب

    TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

50. کارڈ 50

    سوال

    How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

    جواب

    802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

51. کارڈ 51

    سوال

    What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

    جواب

    A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

52. کارڈ 52

    سوال

    What networking role does Bluetooth fill?

    جواب

    Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.

53. کارڈ 53

    سوال

    How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?

    جواب

    2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.

54. کارڈ 54

    سوال

    How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?

    جواب

    NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.

55. کارڈ 55

    سوال

    What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?

    جواب

    Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.

56. کارڈ 56

    سوال

    What is RFID used for?

    جواب

    Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.

57. کارڈ 57

    سوال

    What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?

    جواب

    Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.

58. کارڈ 58

    سوال

    How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?

    جواب

    DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.

59. کارڈ 59

    سوال

    How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?

    جواب

    A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.

60. کارڈ 60

    سوال

    How do mail and web servers differ?

    جواب

    A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.

61. کارڈ 61

    سوال

    Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?

    جواب

    Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.

62. کارڈ 62

    سوال

    How do AAA and database servers differ?

    جواب

    An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.

63. کارڈ 63

    سوال

    How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?

    جواب

    A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.

64. کارڈ 64

    سوال

    How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?

    جواب

    A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.

65. کارڈ 65

    سوال

    Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?

    جواب

    They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.

66. کارڈ 66

    سوال

    What does SCADA monitor or control?

    جواب

    Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.

67. کارڈ 67

    سوال

    Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?

    جواب

    Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.

68. کارڈ 68

    سوال

    Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.

    جواب

    A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.

69. کارڈ 69

    سوال

    How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?

    جواب

    The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.

70. کارڈ 70

    سوال

    What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?

    جواب

    A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.

71. کارڈ 71

    سوال

    What does a VPN protect?

    جواب

    Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.

72. کارڈ 72

    سوال

    How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?

    جواب

    TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.

73. کارڈ 73

    سوال

    How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?

    جواب

    A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.

74. کارڈ 74

    سوال

    How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?

    جواب

    An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.

75. کارڈ 75

    سوال

    When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?

    جواب

    Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.

76. کارڈ 76

    سوال

    How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?

    جواب

    A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.

77. کارڈ 77

    سوال

    What does a wireless access point do?

    جواب

    It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.

78. کارڈ 78

    سوال

    What is a patch panel's role?

    جواب

    It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.

79. کارڈ 79

    سوال

    What is a firewall's core job?

    جواب

    It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.

80. کارڈ 80

    سوال

    How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?

    جواب

    A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.

81. کارڈ 81

    سوال

    How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?

    جواب

    A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.

82. کارڈ 82

    سوال

    Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.

    جواب

    Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.

83. کارڈ 83

    سوال

    How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?

    جواب

    Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.

84. کارڈ 84

    سوال

    What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?

    جواب

    APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.

85. کارڈ 85

    سوال

    When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?

    جواب

    Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.

86. کارڈ 86

    سوال

    What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?

    جواب

    Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.

87. کارڈ 87

    سوال

    How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?

    جواب

    IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.

88. کارڈ 88

    سوال

    What does a default gateway provide?

    جواب

    The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.

89. کارڈ 89

    سوال

    How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?

    جواب

    Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.

90. کارڈ 90

    سوال

    How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?

    جواب

    A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.

91. کارڈ 91

    سوال

    When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?

    جواب

    Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.

92. کارڈ 92

    سوال

    How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?

    جواب

    A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.

93. کارڈ 93

    سوال

    What is a storage area network?

    جواب

    A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.

94. کارڈ 94

    سوال

    Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?

    جواب

    A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.

95. کارڈ 95

    سوال

    How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?

    جواب

    The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.

96. کارڈ 96

    سوال

    How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?

    جواب

    A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.

97. کارڈ 97

    سوال

    How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?

    جواب

    A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.

98. کارڈ 98

    سوال

    How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?

    جواب

    IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.

99. کارڈ 99

    سوال

    How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?

    جواب

    OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.

100. کارڈ 100

     سوال

     What does a touchscreen digitizer do?

     جواب

     It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.

101. کارڈ 101

     سوال

     What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?

     جواب

     It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.

102. کارڈ 102

     سوال

     How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?

     جواب

     Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.

103. کارڈ 103

     سوال

     What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?

     جواب

     Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.

104. کارڈ 104

     سوال

     How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?

     جواب

     Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.

105. کارڈ 105

     سوال

     How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?

     جواب

     Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.

106. کارڈ 106

     سوال

     What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?

     جواب

     They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.

107. کارڈ 107

     سوال

     Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?

     جواب

     Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.

108. کارڈ 108

     سوال

     Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.

     جواب

     RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.

109. کارڈ 109

     سوال

     How do DVI and VGA differ?

     جواب

     DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.

110. کارڈ 110

     سوال

     How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?

     جواب

     Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.

111. کارڈ 111

     سوال

     What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?

     جواب

     USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.

112. کارڈ 112

     سوال

     How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?

     جواب

     SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.

113. کارڈ 113

     سوال

     Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?

     جواب

     A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.

114. کارڈ 114

     سوال

     When does a cable adapter need active electronics?

     جواب

     When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.

115. کارڈ 115

     سوال

     Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?

     جواب

     Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.

116. کارڈ 116

     سوال

     Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?

     جواب

     USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.

117. کارڈ 117

     سوال

     Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?

     جواب

     No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.

118. کارڈ 118

     سوال

     How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?

     جواب

     ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.

119. کارڈ 119

     سوال

     What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?

     جواب

     Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.

120. کارڈ 120

     سوال

     What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?

     جواب

     They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.

121. کارڈ 121

     سوال

     What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?

     جواب

     The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.

122. کارڈ 122

     سوال

     How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?

     جواب

     RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.

123. کارڈ 123

     سوال

     How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?

     جواب

     The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.

124. کارڈ 124

     سوال

     How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?

     جواب

     A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.

125. کارڈ 125

     سوال

     Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?

     جواب

     USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.

126. کارڈ 126

     سوال

     How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?

     جواب

     RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.

127. کارڈ 127

     سوال

     What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?

     جواب

     SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.

128. کارڈ 128

     سوال

     How do M.2 and mSATA differ?

     جواب

     M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.

129. کارڈ 129

     سوال

     When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?

     جواب

     Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.

130. کارڈ 130

     سوال

     How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?

     جواب

     They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.

131. کارڈ 131

     سوال

     Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.

     جواب

     PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.

132. کارڈ 132

     سوال

     What does RAID 10 provide?

     جواب

     Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.

133. کارڈ 133

     سوال

     What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?

     جواب

     The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.

134. کارڈ 134

     سوال

     Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?

     جواب

     Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.

135. کارڈ 135

     سوال

     How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?

     جواب

     Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.

136. کارڈ 136

     سوال

     How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?

     جواب

     They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.

137. کارڈ 137

     سوال

     What does adding CPU cores improve?

     جواب

     Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.

138. کارڈ 138

     سوال

     Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.

     جواب

     Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.

139. کارڈ 139

     سوال

     How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?

     جواب

     A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.

140. کارڈ 140

     سوال

     How do fans and heat sinks work together?

     جواب

     A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.

141. کارڈ 141

     سوال

     Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?

     جواب

     They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.

142. کارڈ 142

     سوال

     What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?

     جواب

     A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.

143. کارڈ 143

     سوال

     What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?

     جواب

     A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.

144. کارڈ 144

     سوال

     What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?

     جواب

     Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.

145. کارڈ 145

     سوال

     What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?

     جواب

     They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.

146. کارڈ 146

     سوال

     What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?

     جواب

     The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.

147. کارڈ 147

     سوال

     How should PSU wattage be chosen?

     جواب

     Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.

148. کارڈ 148

     سوال

     What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?

     جواب

     Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.

149. کارڈ 149

     سوال

     What does a redundant power supply provide?

     جواب

     Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.

150. کارڈ 150

     سوال

     Why does PSU efficiency matter?

     جواب

     Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.

151. کارڈ 151

     سوال

     How does a laser printer create and fix an image?

     جواب

     It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.

152. کارڈ 152

     سوال

     What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?

     جواب

     Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.

153. کارڈ 153

     سوال

     How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?

     جواب

     PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.

154. کارڈ 154

     سوال

     What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?

     جواب

     Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.

155. کارڈ 155

     سوال

     Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?

     جواب

     Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.

156. کارڈ 156

     سوال

     How do printer sharing and a print server differ?

     جواب

     A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.

157. کارڈ 157

     سوال

     Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?

     جواب

     Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.

158. کارڈ 158

     سوال

     Which controls protect a public or shared printer?

     جواب

     User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.

159. کارڈ 159

     سوال

     How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?

     جواب

     Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.

160. کارڈ 160

     سوال

     Where can a network multifunction device send scans?

     جواب

     Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.

161. کارڈ 161

     سوال

     When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?

     جواب

     Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.

162. کارڈ 162

     سوال

     What does printer calibration correct?

     جواب

     Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.

163. کارڈ 163

     سوال

     Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?

     جواب

     Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.

164. کارڈ 164

     سوال

     What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?

     جواب

     Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.

165. کارڈ 165

     سوال

     How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?

     جواب

     Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.

166. کارڈ 166

     سوال

     What is a virtual machine?

     جواب

     A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.

167. کارڈ 167

     سوال

     Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?

     جواب

     Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.

168. کارڈ 168

     سوال

     Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?

     جواب

     It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.

169. کارڈ 169

     سوال

     Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?

     جواب

     vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.

170. کارڈ 170

     سوال

     What does application virtualization do?

     جواب

     It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.

171. کارڈ 171

     سوال

     Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?

     جواب

     As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.

172. کارڈ 172

     سوال

     Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?

     جواب

     The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.

173. کارڈ 173

     سوال

     What must be planned for VM networking?

     جواب

     Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.

174. کارڈ 174

     سوال

     What does VDI deliver?

     جواب

     Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.

175. کارڈ 175

     سوال

     What must be planned for VM storage?

     جواب

     Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.

176. کارڈ 176

     سوال

     How does a container differ from a typical VM?

     جواب

     A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.

177. کارڈ 177

     سوال

     How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?

     جواب

     A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.

178. کارڈ 178

     سوال

     What does a container image provide?

     جواب

     A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.

179. کارڈ 179

     سوال

     A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?

     جواب

     Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.

180. کارڈ 180

     سوال

     What defines a public cloud?

     جواب

     It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.

181. کارڈ 181

     سوال

     What does IaaS provide?

     جواب

     Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.

182. کارڈ 182

     سوال

     What is cloud elasticity?

     جواب

     The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.

183. کارڈ 183

     سوال

     What does metered cloud utilization measure?

     جواب

     Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.

184. کارڈ 184

     سوال

     What defines a private cloud?

     جواب

     Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.

185. کارڈ 185

     سوال

     What does SaaS provide?

     جواب

     A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.

186. کارڈ 186

     سوال

     How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?

     جواب

     Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.

187. کارڈ 187

     سوال

     What is high availability designed to reduce?

     جواب

     Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.

188. کارڈ 188

     سوال

     What is a hybrid cloud?

     جواب

     A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.

189. کارڈ 189

     سوال

     What does PaaS provide?

     جواب

     A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.

190. کارڈ 190

     سوال

     What do cloud ingress and egress mean?

     جواب

     Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.

191. کارڈ 191

     سوال

     What does cloud multitenancy mean?

     جواب

     Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.

192. کارڈ 192

     سوال

     What is a community cloud?

     جواب

     Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.

193. کارڈ 193

     سوال

     What does FaaS run?

     جواب

     Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.

194. کارڈ 194

     سوال

     Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?

     جواب

     No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.

195. کارڈ 195

     سوال

     What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?

     جواب

     A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.

196. کارڈ 196

     سوال

     A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?

     جواب

     Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.

197. کارڈ 197

     سوال

     A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?

     جواب

     At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.

198. کارڈ 198

     سوال

     A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?

     جواب

     Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.

199. کارڈ 199

     سوال

     A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?

     جواب

     Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.

200. کارڈ 200

     سوال

     A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?

     جواب

     Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.

201. کارڈ 201

     سوال

     A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.

202. کارڈ 202

     سوال

     You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?

     جواب

     Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.

203. کارڈ 203

     سوال

     A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?

     جواب

     Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.

204. کارڈ 204

     سوال

     Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?

     جواب

     Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.

205. کارڈ 205

     سوال

     A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.

206. کارڈ 206

     سوال

     What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?

     جواب

     Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.

207. کارڈ 207

     سوال

     A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?

     جواب

     A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.

208. کارڈ 208

     سوال

     Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?

     جواب

     Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.

209. کارڈ 209

     سوال

     A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?

     جواب

     Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.

210. کارڈ 210

     سوال

     How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?

     جواب

     Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.

211. کارڈ 211

     سوال

     A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?

     جواب

     Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.

212. کارڈ 212

     سوال

     A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?

     جواب

     Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.

213. کارڈ 213

     سوال

     A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?

     جواب

     Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.

214. کارڈ 214

     سوال

     Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?

     جواب

     Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.

215. کارڈ 215

     سوال

     A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?

     جواب

     Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.

216. کارڈ 216

     سوال

     A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.

217. کارڈ 217

     سوال

     What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?

     جواب

     Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.

218. کارڈ 218

     سوال

     Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.

219. کارڈ 219

     سوال

     A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?

     جواب

     Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.

220. کارڈ 220

     سوال

     What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?

     جواب

     A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.

221. کارڈ 221

     سوال

     A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?

     جواب

     Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.

222. کارڈ 222

     سوال

     A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.

223. کارڈ 223

     سوال

     Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?

     جواب

     Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.

224. کارڈ 224

     سوال

     How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?

     جواب

     Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.

225. کارڈ 225

     سوال

     A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.

226. کارڈ 226

     سوال

     A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?

     جواب

     Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.

227. کارڈ 227

     سوال

     A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?

     جواب

     Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.

228. کارڈ 228

     سوال

     Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.

229. کارڈ 229

     سوال

     A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?

     جواب

     The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.

230. کارڈ 230

     سوال

     A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?

     جواب

     Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.

231. کارڈ 231

     سوال

     A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?

     جواب

     Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.

232. کارڈ 232

     سوال

     A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?

     جواب

     Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.

233. کارڈ 233

     سوال

     A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?

     جواب

     Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.

234. کارڈ 234

     سوال

     A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?

     جواب

     Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.

235. کارڈ 235

     سوال

     A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?

     جواب

     Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.

236. کارڈ 236

     سوال

     Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.

237. کارڈ 237

     سوال

     A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.

238. کارڈ 238

     سوال

     A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?

     جواب

     Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.

239. کارڈ 239

     سوال

     A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.

240. کارڈ 240

     سوال

     An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.

241. کارڈ 241

     سوال

     Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?

     جواب

     Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.

242. کارڈ 242

     سوال

     Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.

243. کارڈ 243

     سوال

     A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?

     جواب

     Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.

244. کارڈ 244

     سوال

     A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?

     جواب

     Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.

245. کارڈ 245

     سوال

     Which tools help locate high latency?

     جواب

     Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.

246. کارڈ 246

     سوال

     What signs point to external wireless interference?

     جواب

     Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.

247. کارڈ 247

     سوال

     A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?

     جواب

     Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.

248. کارڈ 248

     سوال

     A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?

     جواب

     At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.

249. کارڈ 249

     سوال

     VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?

     جواب

     Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.

250. کارڈ 250

     سوال

     Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?

     جواب

     Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.

251. کارڈ 251

     سوال

     A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?

     جواب

     DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.

252. کارڈ 252

     سوال

     A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?

     جواب

     Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.

253. کارڈ 253

     سوال

     Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.

254. کارڈ 254

     سوال

     A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?

     جواب

     Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.

255. کارڈ 255

     سوال

     A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.

256. کارڈ 256

     سوال

     Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?

     جواب

     Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.

257. کارڈ 257

     سوال

     A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.

258. کارڈ 258

     سوال

     A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?

     جواب

     Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.

259. کارڈ 259

     سوال

     A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?

     جواب

     Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.

260. کارڈ 260

     سوال

     Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?

     جواب

     Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.

     

     520 کارڈز

     CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

     یہ ڈیک مفت پڑھیں

     مطالعہ شروع کرنے کے لیے Nibomo کھلے گا۔

261. کارڈ 261

     سوال

     Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.

262. کارڈ 262

     سوال

     A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?

     جواب

     Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.

263. کارڈ 263

     سوال

     Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.

264. کارڈ 264

     سوال

     A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.

265. کارڈ 265

     سوال

     What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?

     جواب

     Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.

266. کارڈ 266

     سوال

     A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.

267. کارڈ 267

     سوال

     A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?

     جواب

     Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.

268. کارڈ 268

     سوال

     A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?

     جواب

     Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.

269. کارڈ 269

     سوال

     A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.

270. کارڈ 270

     سوال

     A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?

     جواب

     Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.

271. کارڈ 271

     سوال

     Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?

     جواب

     Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.

272. کارڈ 272

     سوال

     When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?

     جواب

     Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.

273. کارڈ 273

     سوال

     Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?

     جواب

     dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.

274. کارڈ 274

     سوال

     Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?

     جواب

     Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.

275. کارڈ 275

     سوال

     What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?

     جواب

     Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.

276. کارڈ 276

     سوال

     How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?

     جواب

     Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.

277. کارڈ 277

     سوال

     Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?

     جواب

     ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.

278. کارڈ 278

     سوال

     What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?

     جواب

     It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.

279. کارڈ 279

     سوال

     Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?

     جواب

     Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.

280. کارڈ 280

     سوال

     Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?

     جواب

     NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.

281. کارڈ 281

     سوال

     Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?

     جواب

     Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.

282. کارڈ 282

     سوال

     What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?

     جواب

     A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.

283. کارڈ 283

     سوال

     Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?

     جواب

     Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.

284. کارڈ 284

     سوال

     Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?

     جواب

     ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.

285. کارڈ 285

     سوال

     Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?

     جواب

     Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.

286. کارڈ 286

     سوال

     What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?

     جواب

     Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.

287. کارڈ 287

     سوال

     What should you compare before installing a demanding application?

     جواب

     Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.

288. کارڈ 288

     سوال

     Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?

     جواب

     Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.

289. کارڈ 289

     سوال

     Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?

     جواب

     nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.

290. کارڈ 290

     سوال

     Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?

     جواب

     Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.

291. کارڈ 291

     سوال

     What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?

     جواب

     Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.

292. کارڈ 292

     سوال

     When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?

     جواب

     Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.

293. کارڈ 293

     سوال

     Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?

     جواب

     The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.

294. کارڈ 294

     سوال

     How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?

     جواب

     FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.

295. کارڈ 295

     سوال

     What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?

     جواب

     Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.

296. کارڈ 296

     سوال

     Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?

     جواب

     Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.

297. کارڈ 297

     سوال

     When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?

     جواب

     Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.

298. کارڈ 298

     سوال

     How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?

     جواب

     A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.

299. کارڈ 299

     سوال

     Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?

     جواب

     netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.

300. کارڈ 300

     سوال

     Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?

     جواب

     Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.

301. کارڈ 301

     سوال

     What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?

     جواب

     The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.

302. کارڈ 302

     سوال

     What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?

     جواب

     They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.

303. کارڈ 303

     سوال

     What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?

     جواب

     A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.

304. کارڈ 304

     سوال

     Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?

     جواب

     The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.

305. کارڈ 305

     سوال

     Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?

     جواب

     ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.

306. کارڈ 306

     سوال

     What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?

     جواب

     High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.

307. کارڈ 307

     سوال

     Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?

     جواب

     It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.

308. کارڈ 308

     سوال

     When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?

     جواب

     Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.

309. کارڈ 309

     سوال

     Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?

     جواب

     tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.

310. کارڈ 310

     سوال

     Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?

     جواب

     Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.

311. کارڈ 311

     سوال

     What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?

     جواب

     It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.

312. کارڈ 312

     سوال

     Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?

     جواب

     GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.

313. کارڈ 313

     سوال

     What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?

     جواب

     Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.

314. کارڈ 314

     سوال

     When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?

     جواب

     It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.

315. کارڈ 315

     سوال

     How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?

     جواب

     chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.

316. کارڈ 316

     سوال

     Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?

     جواب

     chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.

317. کارڈ 317

     سوال

     What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?

     جواب

     Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.

318. کارڈ 318

     سوال

     What does a client VPN connection provide?

     جواب

     It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.

319. کارڈ 319

     سوال

     Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?

     جواب

     apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.

320. کارڈ 320

     سوال

     When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?

     جواب

     Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.

321. کارڈ 321

     سوال

     Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?

     جواب

     diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.

322. کارڈ 322

     سوال

     Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?

     جواب

     UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.

323. کارڈ 323

     سوال

     What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?

     جواب

     Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.

324. کارڈ 324

     سوال

     Why mark a Windows connection as metered?

     جواب

     It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.

325. کارڈ 325

     سوال

     Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?

     جواب

     APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.

326. کارڈ 326

     سوال

     Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?

     جواب

     df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.

327. کارڈ 327

     سوال

     What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?

     جواب

     Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.

328. کارڈ 328

     سوال

     Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?

     جواب

     Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.

329. کارڈ 329

     سوال

     What is the safest source for an application installer?

     جواب

     Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.

330. کارڈ 330

     سوال

     Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?

     جواب

     robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.

331. کارڈ 331

     سوال

     Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?

     جواب

     Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.

332. کارڈ 332

     سوال

     Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?

     جواب

     System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.

333. کارڈ 333

     سوال

     What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?

     جواب

     Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.

334. کارڈ 334

     سوال

     What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?

     جواب

     The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.

335. کارڈ 335

     سوال

     Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?

     جواب

     sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.

336. کارڈ 336

     سوال

     What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?

     جواب

     It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.

337. کارڈ 337

     سوال

     What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?

     جواب

     It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.

338. کارڈ 338

     سوال

     What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?

     جواب

     Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.

339. کارڈ 339

     سوال

     Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?

     جواب

     A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.

340. کارڈ 340

     سوال

     Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?

     جواب

     The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.

341. کارڈ 341

     سوال

     Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?

     جواب

     Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.

342. کارڈ 342

     سوال

     What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?

     جواب

     It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.

343. کارڈ 343

     سوال

     What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?

     جواب

     Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.

344. کارڈ 344

     سوال

     What is the first step in a suspected malware case?

     جواب

     Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.

345. کارڈ 345

     سوال

     What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?

     جواب

     It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.

346. کارڈ 346

     سوال

     How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?

     جواب

     Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.

347. کارڈ 347

     سوال

     Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?

     جواب

     Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.

348. کارڈ 348

     سوال

     Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?

     جواب

     A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.

349. کارڈ 349

     سوال

     What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?

     جواب

     A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.

350. کارڈ 350

     سوال

     Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?

     جواب

     The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.

351. کارڈ 351

     سوال

     What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?

     جواب

     It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.

352. کارڈ 352

     سوال

     Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?

     جواب

     Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.

353. کارڈ 353

     سوال

     What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?

     جواب

     Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.

354. کارڈ 354

     سوال

     Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?

     جواب

     A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.

355. کارڈ 355

     سوال

     What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?

     جواب

     Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.

356. کارڈ 356

     سوال

     What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?

     جواب

     They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.

357. کارڈ 357

     سوال

     What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?

     جواب

     Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.

358. کارڈ 358

     سوال

     How should you verify a browser download before running it?

     جواب

     Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.

359. کارڈ 359

     سوال

     What does a computer virus need in order to spread?

     جواب

     A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.

360. کارڈ 360

     سوال

     When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?

     جواب

     Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.

361. کارڈ 361

     سوال

     How does tailgating differ from impersonation?

     جواب

     Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.

362. کارڈ 362

     سوال

     What does the principle of least privilege require?

     جواب

     Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.

363. کارڈ 363

     سوال

     What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?

     جواب

     It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.

364. کارڈ 364

     سوال

     Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?

     جواب

     WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.

365. کارڈ 365

     سوال

     How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?

     جواب

     A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.

366. کارڈ 366

     سوال

     What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?

     جواب

     No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.

367. کارڈ 367

     سوال

     Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?

     جواب

     Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.

368. کارڈ 368

     سوال

     How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?

     جواب

     Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.

369. کارڈ 369

     سوال

     Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?

     جواب

     Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.

370. کارڈ 370

     سوال

     What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?

     جواب

     An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.

371. کارڈ 371

     سوال

     What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?

     جواب

     Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.

372. کارڈ 372

     سوال

     What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?

     جواب

     Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.

373. کارڈ 373

     سوال

     What does an access control list decide?

     جواب

     An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.

374. کارڈ 374

     سوال

     Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?

     جواب

     Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.

375. کارڈ 375

     سوال

     How should router management access be exposed?

     جواب

     Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.

376. کارڈ 376

     سوال

     How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?

     جواب

     Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.

377. کارڈ 377

     سوال

     Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?

     جواب

     Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.

378. کارڈ 378

     سوال

     What happens in an on-path attack?

     جواب

     The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.

379. کارڈ 379

     سوال

     How do browser patches and extension controls work together?

     جواب

     Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.

380. کارڈ 380

     سوال

     How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?

     جواب

     Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.

381. کارڈ 381

     سوال

     Why disable AutoRun and unused services?

     جواب

     They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.

382. کارڈ 382

     سوال

     Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?

     جواب

     Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.

383. کارڈ 383

     سوال

     Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?

     جواب

     Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.

384. کارڈ 384

     سوال

     What makes authentication multifactor?

     جواب

     It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.

385. کارڈ 385

     سوال

     Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?

     جواب

     AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.

386. کارڈ 386

     سوال

     What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?

     جواب

     Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.

387. کارڈ 387

     سوال

     Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?

     جواب

     A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.

388. کارڈ 388

     سوال

     When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?

     جواب

     Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.

389. کارڈ 389

     سوال

     Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?

     جواب

     TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.

390. کارڈ 390

     سوال

     When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?

     جواب

     Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.

391. کارڈ 391

     سوال

     What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?

     جواب

     It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.

392. کارڈ 392

     سوال

     How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?

     جواب

     A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.

393. کارڈ 393

     سوال

     How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?

     جواب

     SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.

394. کارڈ 394

     سوال

     Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?

     جواب

     They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.

395. کارڈ 395

     سوال

     What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?

     جواب

     Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.

396. کارڈ 396

     سوال

     What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?

     جواب

     A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.

397. کارڈ 397

     سوال

     When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?

     جواب

     It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.

398. کارڈ 398

     سوال

     What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?

     جواب

     Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.

399. کارڈ 399

     سوال

     Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?

     جواب

     SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.

400. کارڈ 400

     سوال

     Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?

     جواب

     A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.

401. کارڈ 401

     سوال

     Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?

     جواب

     Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.

402. کارڈ 402

     سوال

     When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?

     جواب

     Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.

403. کارڈ 403

     سوال

     Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?

     جواب

     It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.

404. کارڈ 404

     سوال

     Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?

     جواب

     They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.

405. کارڈ 405

     سوال

     What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?

     جواب

     Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.

406. کارڈ 406

     سوال

     What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?

     جواب

     Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.

407. کارڈ 407

     سوال

     Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?

     جواب

     RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.

408. کارڈ 408

     سوال

     How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?

     جواب

     MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.

409. کارڈ 409

     سوال

     How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?

     جواب

     A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.

410. کارڈ 410

     سوال

     What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?

     جواب

     Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.

411. کارڈ 411

     سوال

     What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?

     جواب

     Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.

412. کارڈ 412

     سوال

     What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?

     جواب

     Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.

413. کارڈ 413

     سوال

     What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?

     جواب

     Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.

414. کارڈ 414

     سوال

     What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?

     جواب

     Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.

415. کارڈ 415

     سوال

     Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?

     جواب

     Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.

416. کارڈ 416

     سوال

     How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?

     جواب

     Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.

417. کارڈ 417

     سوال

     Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?

     جواب

     It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.

418. کارڈ 418

     سوال

     What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?

     جواب

     Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.

419. کارڈ 419

     سوال

     What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?

     جواب

     Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.

420. کارڈ 420

     سوال

     What commonly blocks a mobile app update?

     جواب

     Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.

421. کارڈ 421

     سوال

     What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?

     جواب

     Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.

422. کارڈ 422

     سوال

     How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?

     جواب

     It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.

423. کارڈ 423

     سوال

     What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?

     جواب

     Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.

424. کارڈ 424

     سوال

     What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?

     جواب

     Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.

425. کارڈ 425

     سوال

     What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?

     جواب

     A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.

426. کارڈ 426

     سوال

     What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?

     جواب

     Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.

427. کارڈ 427

     سوال

     What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?

     جواب

     Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.

428. کارڈ 428

     سوال

     Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?

     جواب

     Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.

429. کارڈ 429

     سوال

     What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.

430. کارڈ 430

     سوال

     What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?

     جواب

     Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.

431. کارڈ 431

     سوال

     What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?

     جواب

     Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.

432. کارڈ 432

     سوال

     A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?

     جواب

     Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.

433. کارڈ 433

     سوال

     How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?

     جواب

     A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.

434. کارڈ 434

     سوال

     Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?

     جواب

     Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.

435. کارڈ 435

     سوال

     How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?

     جواب

     Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.

436. کارڈ 436

     سوال

     How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?

     جواب

     Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.

437. کارڈ 437

     سوال

     What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?

     جواب

     Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.

438. کارڈ 438

     سوال

     Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?

     جواب

     Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.

439. کارڈ 439

     سوال

     What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?

     جواب

     Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.

440. کارڈ 440

     سوال

     What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?

     جواب

     Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.

441. کارڈ 441

     سوال

     What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?

     جواب

     A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.

442. کارڈ 442

     سوال

     What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?

     جواب

     Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.

443. کارڈ 443

     سوال

     What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?

     جواب

     Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.

444. کارڈ 444

     سوال

     What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?

     جواب

     Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.

445. کارڈ 445

     سوال

     What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?

     جواب

     Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.

446. کارڈ 446

     سوال

     When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?

     جواب

     Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.

447. کارڈ 447

     سوال

     What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?

     جواب

     Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.

448. کارڈ 448

     سوال

     What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?

     جواب

     Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.

449. کارڈ 449

     سوال

     What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?

     جواب

     Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.

450. کارڈ 450

     سوال

     What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?

     جواب

     Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.

451. کارڈ 451

     سوال

     How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?

     جواب

     Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.

452. کارڈ 452

     سوال

     What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?

     جواب

     Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.

453. کارڈ 453

     سوال

     How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?

     جواب

     Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.

454. کارڈ 454

     سوال

     What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?

     جواب

     Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.

455. کارڈ 455

     سوال

     What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?

     جواب

     Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.

456. کارڈ 456

     سوال

     Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?

     جواب

     Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.

457. کارڈ 457

     سوال

     What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?

     جواب

     An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.

458. کارڈ 458

     سوال

     What makes a browser extension suspicious?

     جواب

     An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.

459. کارڈ 459

     سوال

     What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?

     جواب

     Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.

460. کارڈ 460

     سوال

     When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?

     جواب

     Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.

461. کارڈ 461

     سوال

     What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?

     جواب

     A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.

462. کارڈ 462

     سوال

     What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?

     جواب

     Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.

463. کارڈ 463

     سوال

     How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?

     جواب

     It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.

464. کارڈ 464

     سوال

     How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?

     جواب

     Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.

465. کارڈ 465

     سوال

     What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?

     جواب

     Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.

466. کارڈ 466

     سوال

     Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?

     جواب

     Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.

467. کارڈ 467

     سوال

     When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?

     جواب

     Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.

468. کارڈ 468

     سوال

     What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?

     جواب

     Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.

469. کارڈ 469

     سوال

     What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?

     جواب

     Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.

470. کارڈ 470

     سوال

     What does a full backup contain?

     جواب

     A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.

471. کارڈ 471

     سوال

     Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?

     جواب

     Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.

472. کارڈ 472

     سوال

     What should a change request state before technical planning begins?

     جواب

     State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.

473. کارڈ 473

     سوال

     What does active listening look like in a support conversation?

     جواب

     Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.

474. کارڈ 474

     سوال

     What does chain of custody record during an incident?

     جواب

     It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.

475. کارڈ 475

     سوال

     What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?

     جواب

     It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.

476. کارڈ 476

     سوال

     What does an incremental backup copy?

     جواب

     It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.

477. کارڈ 477

     سوال

     How should a technician respond to an angry customer?

     جواب

     Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.

478. کارڈ 478

     سوال

     Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?

     جواب

     More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.

479. کارڈ 479

     سوال

     Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?

     جواب

     A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.

480. کارڈ 480

     سوال

     How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?

     جواب

     Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.

481. کارڈ 481

     سوال

     How should severity and escalation be recorded?

     جواب

     Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.

482. کارڈ 482

     سوال

     Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?

     جواب

     A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.

483. کارڈ 483

     سوال

     When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?

     جواب

     Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.

484. کارڈ 484

     سوال

     How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?

     جواب

     Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.

485. کارڈ 485

     سوال

     What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?

     جواب

     A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.

486. کارڈ 486

     سوال

     What should progress and resolution notes contain?

     جواب

     Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.

487. کارڈ 487

     سوال

     Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?

     جواب

     Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.

488. کارڈ 488

     سوال

     Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?

     جواب

     AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.

489. کارڈ 489

     سوال

     What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?

     جواب

     Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.

490. کارڈ 490

     سوال

     How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?

     جواب

     SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.

491. کارڈ 491

     سوال

     How should a technician set expectations for a repair?

     جواب

     Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.

492. کارڈ 492

     سوال

     Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?

     جواب

     A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.

493. کارڈ 493

     سوال

     What does a differential backup copy?

     جواب

     It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.

494. کارڈ 494

     سوال

     Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?

     جواب

     The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.

495. کارڈ 495

     سوال

     How should loose components be handled and stored?

     جواب

     Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.

496. کارڈ 496

     سوال

     Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?

     جواب

     Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.

497. کارڈ 497

     سوال

     What is a synthetic full backup?

     جواب

     It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.

498. کارڈ 498

     سوال

     How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?

     جواب

     The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.

499. کارڈ 499

     سوال

     What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?

     جواب

     Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.

500. کارڈ 500

     سوال

     Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?

     جواب

     A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.

501. کارڈ 501

     سوال

     How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?

     جواب

     GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.

502. کارڈ 502

     سوال

     Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?

     جواب

     Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.

503. کارڈ 503

     سوال

     What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?

     جواب

     It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.

504. کارڈ 504

     سوال

     What policy questions should come before using AI at work?

     جواب

     Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.

505. کارڈ 505

     سوال

     Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?

     جواب

     Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.

506. کارڈ 506

     سوال

     What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?

     جواب

     They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.

507. کارڈ 507

     سوال

     What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?

     جواب

     Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.

508. کارڈ 508

     سوال

     What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?

     جواب

     RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.

509. کارڈ 509

     سوال

     How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?

     جواب

     Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.

510. کارڈ 510

     سوال

     How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?

     جواب

     A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.

511. کارڈ 511

     سوال

     What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?

     جواب

     Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.

512. کارڈ 512

     سوال

     How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?

     جواب

     An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.

513. کارڈ 513

     سوال

     When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?

     جواب

     Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.

514. کارڈ 514

     سوال

     Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?

     جواب

     Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.

515. کارڈ 515

     سوال

     What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?

     جواب

     Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.

516. کارڈ 516

     سوال

     What safety problems does good cable management prevent?

     جواب

     It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.

517. کارڈ 517

     سوال

     How do you know a backup is usable?

     جواب

     Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.

518. کارڈ 518

     سوال

     What closes a well-managed change?

     جواب

     Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.

519. کارڈ 519

     سوال

     How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?

     جواب

     View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.

520. کارڈ 520

     سوال

     What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?

     جواب

     Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

520 کارڈز

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

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