Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
Practice major and minor keys, spelled key signatures, relative-key pairs, accidental order, and neighboring circle positions.
Tentang dek ini
Reading a finished circle is easy; recalling one relationship without the wheel is the useful part. These 87 text-only cards make you rebuild the circle of fifths from small, practical mappings.
What the cards practice
- Circle rule → musical change: recall what clockwise and counterclockwise moves do to the tonic and key signature, plus how relative keys and accidental order work.
- Major key → spelled signature: name every accidental for all 15 conventional spellings from C♭ major through C♯ major.
- Written accidental set → major and relative minor: reverse each of those 15 signatures without relying on a staff image.
- Major key ↔ relative minor: practice all 15 pairs in both directions, keeping spellings such as D♯ minor and E♭ minor distinct.
- Local circle move → neighboring major key: move clockwise or counterclockwise across every conventional adjacent pair, including the separate sharp-side and flat-side routes at the bottom.
- Enharmonic pair → spelling distinction: compare B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ by signature and relative minor.
The deck leaves out ear training, staff-image identification, chord progressions, and exhaustive scale spelling. Staff recognition is already covered by the Major & Minor Key Signatures deck; this deck focuses on recalling the relationships behind the diagram.
The order starts with interleaved reconstruction rules, introduces signatures from zero accidentals outward, and then separates reverse and relative-key prompts with deterministic strides. The final block interleaves neighbor moves and enharmonic comparisons after their spellings are familiar. The review scheduler handles longer-term spacing after installation.
Facts were independently checked against Open Music Theory, musictheory.net, and Berklee Online. The questions, answers, selection, sequence, metadata, and generated cover are shared under CC0 1.0 to the extent those original elements can be dedicated. Musical facts remain common knowledge. No third-party media or protected deck text was used.
Kad dalam dek ini
Kad 1
Soalan
In what order are sharps added to key signatures?
Jawapan
F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kad 2
Soalan
What changes when you move one step clockwise on the circle of fifths?
Jawapan
The tonic moves up a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward sharps: add one sharp or remove one flat.
Kad 3
Soalan
What makes a major key and a minor key relative?
Jawapan
They share the same key signature. Their tonics and modes are different.
Kad 4
Soalan
How can you find a major key's relative minor tonic?
Jawapan
Go down a minor third from the major tonic. It is also scale degree 6 of the major scale.
Kad 5
Soalan
In what order are flats added to key signatures?
Jawapan
B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kad 6
Soalan
What changes when you move one step counterclockwise on the circle of fifths?
Jawapan
The tonic moves down a perfect fifth. The signature shifts one step toward flats: add one flat or remove one sharp.
Kad 7
Soalan
Why do 15 conventional major key signatures fit into 12 pitch-class positions?
Jawapan
Three positions have two enharmonic spellings. B/C♭, F♯/G♭, and C♯/D♭ sound alike in equal temperament but use different written signatures.
Kad 8
Soalan
How can you find a minor key's relative major tonic?
Jawapan
Go up a minor third from the minor tonic. It is also scale degree 3 of the natural minor scale.
Kad 9
Soalan
How are the conventional sharp and flat orders related?
Jawapan
They are exact reverses. F–C–G–D–A–E–B for sharps becomes B–E–A–D–G–C–F for flats.
Kad 10
Soalan
What is normally true of neighboring major keys on the circle?
Jawapan
Their key signatures differ by one accidental. Keep the sharp-side or flat-side spelling consistent at the enharmonic bottom.
Kad 11
Soalan
What is the key signature of C major?
Jawapan
No sharps or flats.
Kad 12
Soalan
What is the key signature of G major?
Jawapan
1 sharp: F♯.
Kad 13
Soalan
What is the key signature of F major?
Jawapan
1 flat: B♭.
Kad 14
Soalan
What is the key signature of D major?
Jawapan
2 sharps: F♯, C♯.
Kad 15
Soalan
What is the key signature of B♭ major?
Jawapan
2 flats: B♭, E♭.
Kad 16
Soalan
What is the key signature of A major?
Jawapan
3 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯.
Kad 17
Soalan
What is the key signature of E♭ major?
Jawapan
3 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭.
Kad 18
Soalan
What is the key signature of E major?
Jawapan
4 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯.
Kad 19
Soalan
What is the key signature of A♭ major?
Jawapan
4 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭.
Kad 20
Soalan
What is the key signature of B major?
Jawapan
5 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯.
Kad 21
Soalan
What is the key signature of D♭ major?
Jawapan
5 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭.
Kad 22
Soalan
What is the key signature of F♯ major?
Jawapan
6 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯.
Kad 23
Soalan
What is the key signature of G♭ major?
Jawapan
6 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭.
Kad 24
Soalan
What is the key signature of C♯ major?
Jawapan
7 sharps: F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯.
Kad 25
Soalan
What is the key signature of C♭ major?
Jawapan
7 flats: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭.
Kad 26
Soalan
No sharps or flats — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
C major and A minor.
Kad 27
Soalan
2 flats (B♭, E♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
B♭ major and G minor.
Kad 28
Soalan
4 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
A♭ major and F minor.
Kad 29
Soalan
6 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
G♭ major and E♭ minor.
Kad 30
Soalan
1 sharp (F♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
G major and E minor.
Kad 31
Soalan
3 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
A major and F♯ minor.
Kad 32
Soalan
5 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
B major and G♯ minor.
Kad 33
Soalan
7 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
C♯ major and A♯ minor.
Kad 34
Soalan
1 flat (B♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
F major and D minor.
Kad 35
Soalan
3 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
E♭ major and C minor.
Kad 36
Soalan
5 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
D♭ major and B♭ minor.
Kad 37
Soalan
7 flats (B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
C♭ major and A♭ minor.
Kad 38
Soalan
2 sharps (F♯, C♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
D major and B minor.
Kad 39
Soalan
4 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
E major and C♯ minor.
Kad 40
Soalan
6 sharps (F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯) — name the conventional major key and its relative minor.
Jawapan
F♯ major and D♯ minor.
Kad 41
Soalan
What is the relative minor of C major?
Jawapan
A minor. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kad 42
Soalan
What is the relative minor of E major?
Jawapan
C♯ minor. Both keys have four sharps.
Kad 43
Soalan
What is the relative minor of C♭ major?
Jawapan
A♭ minor. Both keys have seven flats.
Kad 44
Soalan
What is the relative minor of E♭ major?
Jawapan
C minor. Both keys have three flats.
Kad 45
Soalan
What is the relative minor of C♯ major?
Jawapan
A♯ minor. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kad 46
Soalan
What is the relative minor of A major?
Jawapan
F♯ minor. Both keys have three sharps.
Kad 47
Soalan
What is the relative minor of G♭ major?
Jawapan
E♭ minor. Both keys have six flats.
Kad 48
Soalan
What is the relative minor of B♭ major?
Jawapan
G minor. Both keys have two flats.
Kad 49
Soalan
What is the relative minor of F♯ major?
Jawapan
D♯ minor. Both keys have six sharps.
Kad 50
Soalan
What is the relative minor of D major?
Jawapan
B minor. Both keys have two sharps.
Kad 51
Soalan
What is the relative minor of D♭ major?
Jawapan
B♭ minor. Both keys have five flats.
Kad 52
Soalan
What is the relative minor of F major?
Jawapan
D minor. Both keys have one flat.
Kad 53
Soalan
What is the relative minor of B major?
Jawapan
G♯ minor. Both keys have five sharps.
Kad 54
Soalan
What is the relative minor of G major?
Jawapan
E minor. Both keys have one sharp.
Kad 55
Soalan
What is the relative minor of A♭ major?
Jawapan
F minor. Both keys have four flats.
Kad 56
Soalan
What is the relative major of B minor?
Jawapan
D major. Both keys have two sharps.
Kad 57
Soalan
What is the relative major of A♭ minor?
Jawapan
C♭ major. Both keys have seven flats.
Kad 58
Soalan
What is the relative major of B♭ minor?
Jawapan
D♭ major. Both keys have five flats.
Kad 59
Soalan
What is the relative major of C minor?
Jawapan
E♭ major. Both keys have three flats.
Kad 60
Soalan
What is the relative major of D minor?
Jawapan
F major. Both keys have one flat.
Kad 61
Soalan
What is the relative major of A♯ minor?
Jawapan
C♯ major. Both keys have seven sharps.
Kad 62
Soalan
What is the relative major of G♯ minor?
Jawapan
B major. Both keys have five sharps.
Kad 63
Soalan
What is the relative major of F♯ minor?
Jawapan
A major. Both keys have three sharps.
Kad 64
Soalan
What is the relative major of E minor?
Jawapan
G major. Both keys have one sharp.
Kad 65
Soalan
What is the relative major of E♭ minor?
Jawapan
G♭ major. Both keys have six flats.
Kad 66
Soalan
What is the relative major of F minor?
Jawapan
A♭ major. Both keys have four flats.
Kad 67
Soalan
What is the relative major of G minor?
Jawapan
B♭ major. Both keys have two flats.
Kad 68
Soalan
What is the relative major of A minor?
Jawapan
C major. Both keys have no sharps or flats.
Kad 69
Soalan
What is the relative major of D♯ minor?
Jawapan
F♯ major. Both keys have six sharps.
Kad 70
Soalan
What is the relative major of C♯ minor?
Jawapan
E major. Both keys have four sharps.
Kad 71
Soalan
Move one step counterclockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
B major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces six sharps to five.
Kad 72
Soalan
How do C♯ major and D♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Jawapan
C♯ major has seven sharps; D♭ major has five flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled A♯ minor and B♭ minor.
Kad 73
Soalan
Move one step clockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
G major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one sharp.
Kad 74
Soalan
Move one step clockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
A major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases two sharps to three.
Kad 75
Soalan
Move one step counterclockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
C♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases six flats to seven.
Kad 76
Soalan
Move one step clockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
B major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases four sharps to five.
Kad 77
Soalan
Move one step counterclockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
D♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases four flats to five.
Kad 78
Soalan
Move one step counterclockwise from D major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
G major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces two sharps to one.
Kad 79
Soalan
How do F♯ major and G♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Jawapan
F♯ major has six sharps; G♭ major has six flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled D♯ minor and E♭ minor.
Kad 80
Soalan
Move one step clockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
F major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces two flats to one.
Kad 81
Soalan
Move one step counterclockwise from E major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
A major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and reduces four sharps to three.
Kad 82
Soalan
Move one step clockwise from A♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
E♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces four flats to three.
Kad 83
Soalan
Move one step clockwise from G♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
D♭ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and reduces six flats to five.
Kad 84
Soalan
How do B major and C♭ major differ at the enharmonic bottom of the circle?
Jawapan
B major has five sharps; C♭ major has seven flats. Their tonics are enharmonic in equal temperament, but their relative minors are spelled G♯ minor and A♭ minor.
Kad 85
Soalan
Move one step counterclockwise from C major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
F major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and changes no accidentals to one flat.
Kad 86
Soalan
Move one step counterclockwise from B♭ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
E♭ major. The move goes down a perfect fifth and increases two flats to three.
Kad 87
Soalan
Move one step clockwise from F♯ major. Which major key is next?
Jawapan
C♯ major. The move goes up a perfect fifth and increases six sharps to seven.
87 kad
Circle of Fifths Flashcards: Keys, Signatures & Relative Minors
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