What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?

Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.

Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?

A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.

What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?

Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.

What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?

A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.

How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?

Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.

Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?

Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.

Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?

Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.

A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?

Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.

A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?

Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.

Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?

To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.

What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?

The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.

How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?

They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.

What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?

Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.

What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?

The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.

Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?

Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.

How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?

A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.

How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?

A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.

What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?

Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.

How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?

A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.

Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?

Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.

What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?

It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.

How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?

They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.

What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?

A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.

What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?

Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.

How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?

GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.

Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?

Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.

What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?

Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.

A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?

Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.

How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?

Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.

What does mobile device management provide?

Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.

How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?

Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.

What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?

Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.

Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?

Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.

When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?

When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.

What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?

It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.

How do TCP and UDP differ?

TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.

Which ports are associated with classic FTP?

TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.

Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?

TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.

Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?

TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.

Which port does DNS use?

Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.

Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?

UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.

Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?

HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.

Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?

TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.

Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?

Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.

Which default port does LDAP use?

Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.

Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?

TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.

Which default port does RDP use?

TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.

Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?

TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.

Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?

TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.

How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?

802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.

What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?

A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review current CompTIA A+ V15 Core 1 and Core 2 objectives with original flashcards for hardware, networking, operating systems, security, commands, and troubleshooting.

Oleh Open Study Contributor

Tentang dek ini

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Review the current V15 knowledge behind both CompTIA A+ exams in one 520-card package: 270 cards for Core 1 and 250 for Core 2. The deck covers mobile devices, networking, hardware, virtualization, cloud concepts, operating systems, security, commands, software support, operational procedures, and troubleshooting.

What the cards practice

The cards connect technologies, components, protocols, commands, and common acronyms with their purposes and key behavior. Separate retrieval prompts also work in the useful opposite direction: a technician task or requirement points to the right tool, setting, command, connector, or protocol. Short support scenarios ask for a likely cause, the first useful check, or the next corrective action. Ordered workflows are practiced only when the order matters on the job.

The deck does not mechanically reverse every fact or turn every source bullet into a card. It leaves out low-value acronym production, giant list prompts, unstable click paths, advanced material beyond the V15 entry-level boundary, and near-duplicate wording made only to increase the count.

Learning order

Core 1 starts with mobile hardware and connections, then builds through networking, physical hardware, virtualization, and cloud concepts before applying them to hardware and network troubleshooting. Core 2 moves from operating-system foundations into tools, commands, configuration, security, software troubleshooting, and day-to-day support operations. Inside each topic, recognition comes before selection and short diagnosis. Related forward and reverse cards are kept apart so one prompt does not give away the next.

Labs and PBQs

Flashcards are useful for recall and compact scenario decisions. They do not reproduce hands-on labs, performance-based questions, live command output, or the pressure and ambiguity of the certification exams. Use a real machine, lab environment, and lawful practice tests alongside this deck for installation, configuration, repair, and PBQ-style work.

Scope, provenance, and reuse

The live CompTIA Core 1 and Core 2 V15 pages and the current version 4.0 objective PDFs were reviewed on September 1, 2026. Both PDFs were last modified on November 25, 2025. They were used only to check the exam version, domain boundaries, weighting, and technical scope. Common technical facts are explained in original language and organized for retrieval practice. Public overview pages from three study tools were compared only for structure and learner expectations; their cards, questions, examples, explanations, and course text were not drafting input.

The Common knowledge · CC0 1.0 label applies to the deck’s original prompts, answers, organization, metadata, and generated cover to the extent applicable rights exist. It does not claim ownership of technical facts, CompTIA names, or third-party source material.

This deck is independently authored and unofficial. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by CompTIA, Inc., and it uses no CompTIA logo or official trade dress.

No CompTIA exam questions, answers, performance-based questions, mark schemes, or objective wording were copied.

Current official requirements: Core 1 V15 (220-1201), Core 1 objectives PDF, Core 2 V15 (220-1202), and Core 2 objectives PDF.

Kad dalam dek ini

Kad 1
Soalan
What is the safe response to a swollen mobile-device battery?
Jawapan
Power the device off, disconnect external power, and isolate it for approved battery service. Don't charge, puncture, press, or keep using the battery.
Kad 2
Soalan
Which RAM form factor is common in serviceable laptops?
Jawapan
A SO-DIMM. Match its DDR generation, capacity support, and other platform requirements before installation.
Kad 3
Soalan
What should you confirm before replacing laptop keys or a keyboard?
Jawapan
Confirm the model's replaceable unit and service procedure. Some keys are individually serviceable; other designs require the keyboard or full top case.
Kad 4
Soalan
What protects data during a laptop HDD or SSD replacement?
Jawapan
A verified backup and migration plan. Also match the replacement drive's interface, form factor, and supported capacity.
Kad 5
Soalan
How should tiny antenna leads be handled during wireless-card service?
Jawapan
Label their positions, lift each connector straight up with the proper tool, and reconnect it to the marked terminal. Pulling the wire can damage the lead.
Kad 6
Soalan
Which built-in laptop components commonly provide physical privacy or identity checks?
Jawapan
Components such as fingerprint or facial-recognition hardware and near-field credential readers. Their firmware, drivers, permissions, and enrollment must all support the feature.
Kad 7
Soalan
Why does Wi-Fi antenna placement matter after a laptop repair?
Jawapan
Correct routing and terminal placement preserve signal quality. A pinched cable, loose connector, or swapped main/aux lead can weaken wireless performance.
Kad 8
Soalan
A replacement laptop camera has no image. What should you check before replacing it again?
Jawapan
Check its internal cable, privacy shutter or switch, firmware detection, driver, and app permission. A hardware replacement won't fix a blocked camera setting.
Kad 9
Soalan
A built-in mobile-device microphone is silent. What should you check first?
Jawapan
Check the selected input, mute state, app permission, and microphone opening. Then inspect the internal connection if every app fails.
Kad 10
Soalan
Why disconnect the internal battery before replacing laptop RAM, storage, or a display assembly?
Jawapan
To remove standby power from the board and reduce short-circuit risk. Follow the model's shutdown and battery-disconnection procedure.
Kad 11
Soalan
What should guide any field replacement inside a thin mobile device?
Jawapan
The manufacturer's service instructions, warranty terms, and ESD precautions. Adhesives, hidden cables, and replaceable assemblies vary by model.
Kad 12
Soalan
How do USB-C, microUSB, and miniUSB differ?
Jawapan
They are different connector shapes. USB-C is reversible; microUSB and miniUSB are older keyed designs, and none of the shapes alone guarantees a data speed.
Kad 13
Soalan
What can a laptop docking station add through one host connection?
Jawapan
Power, displays, networking, storage, and peripheral ports. The host, dock, cable, and software must support the promised features.
Kad 14
Soalan
What must match for a stylus to support pressure or precision input?
Jawapan
The stylus technology and the device's digitizer. A generic capacitive stylus may act like a finger but can't add unsupported active-pen features.
Kad 15
Soalan
Which connector is associated with many older Apple mobile devices?
Jawapan
Lightning. Match the cable to the actual model because newer Apple devices may use USB-C.
Kad 16
Soalan
How do a headset, external speaker, and webcam extend a mobile workstation?
Jawapan
A headset adds private audio input/output, a speaker adds room audio, and a webcam adds video input. Select each one in the app after connecting it.
Kad 17
Soalan
How do a trackpad, drawing pad, and trackpoint differ?
Jawapan
A trackpad senses finger gestures, a drawing pad captures pen input, and a trackpoint moves the pointer from a small keyboard-mounted stick.
Kad 18
Soalan
What is NFC commonly used for on a mobile device?
Jawapan
Very short-range exchanges such as tap-to-pay, credential reading, or quick pairing. Its short working distance supports deliberate tap-style use.
Kad 19
Soalan
How is a port replicator different from a full docking station?
Jawapan
A port replicator mainly exposes additional connectors; a dock commonly adds broader capabilities such as charging, displays, or networking. Verify the product's actual feature list.
Kad 20
Soalan
Which connection is the usual choice for nearby mobile headsets and keyboards?
Jawapan
Bluetooth. It provides short-range wireless accessory links with relatively low power use.
Kad 21
Soalan
What does mobile tethering or hotspot mode do?
Jawapan
It shares the device's internet connection with another client, commonly over Wi-Fi, USB, or Bluetooth. The carrier plan may limit tethering or data use.
Kad 22
Soalan
How do 3G, 4G, and 5G relate on a mobile device?
Jawapan
They are cellular network generations. Newer generations can offer more capacity or lower latency, but the device, SIM or eSIM, plan, coverage, and local network determine service.
Kad 23
Soalan
What is the practical difference between a SIM and an eSIM?
Jawapan
A SIM is a removable identity module; an eSIM stores a carrier profile in embedded hardware. Both associate the device with cellular service.
Kad 24
Soalan
What sequence pairs a Bluetooth accessory safely?
Jawapan
Enable Bluetooth, put the accessory in pairing mode, select the intended device, confirm any PIN or code, and test the connection.
Kad 25
Soalan
How do GPS and cellular location services complement each other?
Jawapan
GPS derives position from satellites, while cellular and nearby-network data can speed or assist location. App permission and device settings control access.
Kad 26
Soalan
Which radios should you check when a phone has neither local Wi-Fi nor wide-area data?
Jawapan
Check Wi-Fi and cellular data separately, along with airplane mode. One radio can be disabled while the other remains available.
Kad 27
Soalan
What should you verify when adding mail to a mobile device?
Jawapan
Verify the account, credentials, incoming and outgoing server settings, security method, and network access. A correct password can't repair a wrong server setting.
Kad 28
Soalan
A phone can browse on Wi-Fi but not through its hotspot. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check that hotspot service is enabled, cellular data works, the plan permits tethering, and the client has the correct hotspot password.
Kad 29
Soalan
How should you test a newly configured mobile connection?
Jawapan
Test the intended path and service: join the correct network or carrier, verify addressing or signal, then open the required app or destination.
Kad 30
Soalan
What does mobile device management provide?
Jawapan
Central enrollment, device configuration, policy enforcement, corporate-app deployment, inventory, and approved remote actions.
Kad 31
Soalan
How do corporate-owned and BYOD management profiles usually differ?
Jawapan
Corporate-owned devices normally allow broader organizational control; BYOD profiles should isolate managed work data and respect the user's personal data under policy.
Kad 32
Soalan
What should be checked when calendar, contacts, or business mail stops synchronizing?
Jawapan
Check connectivity, account sign-in, sync scope, device time, storage, and service status before removing the account.
Kad 33
Soalan
Why do data caps matter to mobile synchronization?
Jawapan
Large mail, cloud-storage, or app sync jobs can consume metered cellular data. Choose what syncs and whether Wi-Fi is required.
Kad 34
Soalan
When is an MDM remote wipe appropriate?
Jawapan
When policy authorizes removal of protected data from a lost, stolen, retired, or reassigned device. Confirm the exact device and wipe scope first.
Kad 35
Soalan
What is the point of separating corporate apps and data on a personal phone?
Jawapan
It lets the organization enforce work controls and remove managed data without treating the user's whole device as corporate property.
Kad 36
Soalan
How do TCP and UDP differ?
Jawapan
TCP provides connection-oriented, ordered, acknowledged delivery; UDP sends low-overhead datagrams without built-in ordering or retransmission.
Kad 37
Soalan
Which ports are associated with classic FTP?
Jawapan
TCP 21 carries control traffic, and TCP 20 is the traditional active-mode data port. FTP doesn't encrypt credentials or content by itself.
Kad 38
Soalan
Which default port does SSH use, and what does it provide?
Jawapan
TCP 22. SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access and related secure services.
Kad 39
Soalan
Which default port is traditionally used for SMTP server-to-server relay?
Jawapan
TCP 25. Mail clients commonly submit outgoing mail through a separate authenticated service.
Kad 40
Soalan
Which port does DNS use?
Jawapan
Port 53: usually UDP for ordinary queries and TCP when the response or operation requires it.
Kad 41
Soalan
Which ports carry DHCP client and server traffic?
Jawapan
UDP 68 for the client and UDP 67 for the server. A new client can broadcast before it has an address.
Kad 42
Soalan
Which ports distinguish HTTP from HTTPS?
Jawapan
HTTP normally uses TCP 80; HTTPS normally uses TCP 443 and protects the session with TLS.
Kad 43
Soalan
Which default port does POP3 use without TLS?
Jawapan
TCP 110. POP3 commonly downloads messages rather than synchronizing server-side folders like IMAP.
Kad 44
Soalan
Which ports are associated with NetBIOS over TCP/IP?
Jawapan
Ports 137–139. Name service commonly uses 137, datagram service 138, and session service TCP 139.
Kad 45
Soalan
Which default port does LDAP use?
Jawapan
Port 389, commonly TCP. LDAP provides directory queries and updates; protect credentials with an approved secure configuration.
Kad 46
Soalan
Which default port does SMB/CIFS commonly use?
Jawapan
TCP 445. SMB commonly carries file and printer sharing.
Kad 47
Soalan
Which default port does RDP use?
Jawapan
TCP 3389. RDP provides remote graphical access to a Windows system.
Kad 48
Soalan
Which default port does Telnet use, and why is it avoided on untrusted networks?
Jawapan
TCP 23. Telnet sends remote-terminal traffic without SSH's encryption.
Kad 49
Soalan
Which default port does IMAP use without TLS?
Jawapan
TCP 143. IMAP keeps mailbox state and folders synchronized on the server.
Kad 50
Soalan
How do common 802.11 families map to Wi-Fi bands?
Jawapan
802.11b/g use 2.4 GHz; 802.11a/ac use 5 GHz; 802.11n can use 2.4 or 5 GHz; 802.11ax can use 2.4 or 5 GHz, with Wi-Fi 6E extending it to 6 GHz.
Kad 51
Soalan
What is the tradeoff when selecting a wider Wi-Fi channel?
Jawapan
A wider channel can carry more data but occupies more spectrum and may overlap more neighbors. Use a width that clients, regulations, and local conditions support.
Kad 52
Soalan
What networking role does Bluetooth fill?
Jawapan
Short-range personal-area links for accessories and nearby devices. It trades range and throughput for convenience and relatively low power use.
Kad 53
Soalan
How do the 2.4, 5, and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands generally differ?
Jawapan
2.4 GHz usually reaches farther but is crowded; 5 GHz offers more capacity with less wall penetration; 6 GHz adds clean spectrum for compatible devices but typically has the shortest reach.
Kad 54
Soalan
How does NFC differ from general-purpose Wi-Fi?
Jawapan
NFC handles deliberate, very short-range exchanges; Wi-Fi provides a longer-range network connection with much higher throughput.
Kad 55
Soalan
What should guide Wi-Fi channel selection?
Jawapan
Local regulations, a spectrum or Wi-Fi survey, channel width, band support, interference, and neighboring use. Choose from measured conditions, then retest where users work.
Kad 56
Soalan
What is RFID used for?
Jawapan
Identifying or tracking tagged objects by radio. Readers can work with passive or powered tags at ranges set by the RFID system.
Kad 57
Soalan
What distinguishes Wi-Fi 6E from ordinary Wi-Fi 6 operation?
Jawapan
Wi-Fi 6E permits compatible 802.11ax devices to use the 6 GHz band. Both the client and access point must support that band.
Kad 58
Soalan
How do DNS and DHCP server roles differ?
Jawapan
DNS resolves names to records; DHCP leases IP configuration such as an address, mask, gateway, and DNS servers.
Kad 59
Soalan
How do file and print servers centralize shared resources?
Jawapan
A file server hosts shared data and permissions; a print server manages printer queues, drivers, and access.
Kad 60
Soalan
How do mail and web servers differ?
Jawapan
A mail server transfers or stores messages; a web server returns site or application content over HTTP or HTTPS.
Kad 61
Soalan
Why would a network use both syslog and NTP servers?
Jawapan
Syslog centralizes event messages, while NTP aligns device clocks so those events have comparable timestamps.
Kad 62
Soalan
How do AAA and database servers differ?
Jawapan
An AAA server handles authentication, authorization, and accounting; a database server stores and queries structured application data.
Kad 63
Soalan
How do a spam gateway and a proxy serve different traffic?
Jawapan
A spam gateway filters mail flow; a proxy relays client requests and may enforce filtering, logging, or caching for supported services.
Kad 64
Soalan
How do a UTM appliance and a load balancer differ?
Jawapan
A UTM combines gateway security controls; a load balancer distributes requests across service instances for capacity or availability.
Kad 65
Soalan
Why do legacy and embedded network systems need cautious support planning?
Jawapan
They may have fixed software, limited interfaces, or long service lives. Isolate them, preserve required compatibility, and change them only within vendor and operational constraints.
Kad 66
Soalan
What does SCADA monitor or control?
Jawapan
Industrial processes and equipment. Availability and physical safety requirements belong in every support decision.
Kad 67
Soalan
Why are IoT devices often placed on a separate network?
Jawapan
Segmentation limits what an outdated or compromised device can reach and makes its traffic easier to manage.
Kad 68
Soalan
Match DNS A, AAAA, CNAME, and MX records to their jobs.
Jawapan
A maps a hostname to IPv4, AAAA maps it to IPv6, CNAME aliases one hostname to another, and MX identifies a domain's mail exchangers.
Kad 69
Soalan
How do a DHCP scope and exclusion differ?
Jawapan
The scope defines the address pool and options DHCP can offer; an exclusion removes selected addresses from automatic leasing.
Kad 70
Soalan
What does a VLAN create on switched infrastructure?
Jawapan
A logical Layer 2 broadcast domain. It separates traffic without requiring a different physical switch for every segment.
Kad 71
Soalan
What does a VPN protect?
Jawapan
Traffic across an untrusted network by creating an authenticated encrypted tunnel. Endpoint security and resource permissions still matter.
Kad 72
Soalan
How do DNS TXT records support SPF, DKIM, and DMARC?
Jawapan
TXT records publish mail-policy data: SPF lists authorized senders, DKIM exposes keys for signature checks, and DMARC sets alignment policy and reporting.
Kad 73
Soalan
How do a DHCP lease and reservation differ?
Jawapan
A lease is a time-limited address assignment; a reservation consistently offers a chosen address to a specific client, usually by MAC address.
Kad 74
Soalan
How do access and trunk switch ports handle VLANs?
Jawapan
An access port normally carries one endpoint VLAN; a trunk carries tagged traffic for multiple VLANs.
Kad 75
Soalan
When would you choose a site-to-site VPN instead of a client VPN?
Jawapan
Choose site-to-site for a persistent protected link between networks; choose a client VPN for an individual endpoint connecting remotely.
Kad 76
Soalan
How do routers and Ethernet switches differ?
Jawapan
A router forwards packets between IP networks; a switch forwards local frames using learned MAC-address locations.
Kad 77
Soalan
What does a wireless access point do?
Jawapan
It bridges compatible wireless clients onto a wired LAN. Routing, DHCP, and internet access may come from other devices.
Kad 78
Soalan
What is a patch panel's role?
Jawapan
It passively terminates and organizes permanent cable runs. Patch cords connect those runs to active equipment such as switches.
Kad 79
Soalan
What is a firewall's core job?
Jawapan
It permits or blocks traffic according to security rules. Logs help explain why expected traffic was accepted or denied.
Kad 80
Soalan
How do managed and unmanaged switches differ?
Jawapan
A managed switch exposes configuration and monitoring such as VLANs; an unmanaged switch provides basic switching with little or no administration.
Kad 81
Soalan
How can PoE be supplied, and what must match?
Jawapan
A PoE switch or injector can supply it. The source standard, powered device, cable, per-port state, and total power budget must be compatible.
Kad 82
Soalan
Match cable modem, DSL modem, ONT, and NIC to their access roles.
Jawapan
Cable and DSL modems terminate coax and telephone-copper services; an ONT terminates provider fiber; a NIC connects the host and carries its physical MAC address.
Kad 83
Soalan
How do private and public IPv4 addresses differ?
Jawapan
Private ranges are used inside networks and aren't routed on the public internet; a public address is globally routable when assigned. NAT often translates between them.
Kad 84
Soalan
What does a 169.254.x.x IPv4 address usually indicate?
Jawapan
APIPA self-assignment after the host failed to obtain DHCP configuration. Check the link and path to DHCP.
Kad 85
Soalan
When should a SOHO device use static rather than dynamic IP configuration?
Jawapan
Use static or reserved addressing when a predictable endpoint is required; use DHCP for ordinary clients that can accept leased settings.
Kad 86
Soalan
What does an IPv4 subnet mask tell a host?
Jawapan
Which address bits identify the local network. The host uses it to decide whether to send directly or through a gateway.
Kad 87
Soalan
How does IPv6 addressing differ from IPv4 addressing?
Jawapan
IPv6 uses 128-bit hexadecimal addresses; IPv4 uses 32-bit dotted-decimal addresses. Both still require correct local and routing configuration.
Kad 88
Soalan
What does a default gateway provide?
Jawapan
The next hop for destinations outside the local subnet. It is normally the local router interface for that network.
Kad 89
Soalan
How do fiber, cable, and DSL internet access differ?
Jawapan
Fiber carries light and offers high capacity; cable uses a shared coax access network; DSL carries broadband over telephone copper and depends strongly on line distance and quality.
Kad 90
Soalan
How do PAN, LAN, and WLAN differ?
Jawapan
A PAN links one person's nearby devices, a LAN serves a local site, and a WLAN is the wireless form of a local-area network.
Kad 91
Soalan
When are cellular, WISP, and satellite internet useful?
Jawapan
Cellular uses mobile coverage, a WISP uses a terrestrial provider radio link, and satellite reaches beyond many ground networks. Signal, latency, limits, and availability guide the choice.
Kad 92
Soalan
How do MAN and WAN scopes differ?
Jawapan
A MAN links sites across a city or metropolitan area; a WAN spans larger geographic distances and joins multiple networks.
Kad 93
Soalan
What is a storage area network?
Jawapan
A SAN is a dedicated network that presents shared block storage to servers. It is different from an ordinary user LAN or file share.
Kad 94
Soalan
Which tools prepare and terminate a modular copper cable?
Jawapan
A cable stripper removes the jacket; a crimper attaches a compatible modular plug. Use the intended pinout, then test the cable.
Kad 95
Soalan
How do a punchdown tool and cable tester support a permanent cable run?
Jawapan
The punchdown tool seats conductors into an IDC block; the tester checks continuity and wire-map faults after termination.
Kad 96
Soalan
How do a toner probe and loopback plug answer different network questions?
Jawapan
A tone generator and probe identify a cable's far end; a loopback plug tests whether a port can transmit and receive through its own interface.
Kad 97
Soalan
How do a Wi-Fi analyzer and network tap differ?
Jawapan
A Wi-Fi analyzer measures nearby wireless networks and channels; a network tap exposes a link's traffic to monitoring equipment without becoming the endpoint.
Kad 98
Soalan
How do IPS, TN, and VA LCD panels generally differ?
Jawapan
IPS favors color consistency and viewing angles, TN favors fast response at low cost, and VA favors contrast. Actual panel quality still varies.
Kad 99
Soalan
How do OLED and Mini-LED displays produce light?
Jawapan
OLED pixels emit their own light; Mini-LED is an LCD that uses many small backlight zones. OLED can show deep blacks, while Mini-LED can reach high brightness without organic pixels.
Kad 100
Soalan
What does a touchscreen digitizer do?
Jawapan
It detects touch or compatible stylus position. The display creates the image; the digitizer reports input coordinates.
Kad 101
Soalan
What does an inverter do in an older LCD backlight system?
Jawapan
It converts power for the fluorescent backlight. Modern LED-backlit panels use different driver electronics.
Kad 102
Soalan
How do screen resolution and pixel density differ?
Jawapan
Resolution is the number of addressable pixels; pixel density is how tightly those pixels fit in a physical area. Both affect perceived detail.
Kad 103
Soalan
What do refresh rate and color gamut describe?
Jawapan
Refresh rate is how often the image can update each second; color gamut is the range of colors the display can reproduce.
Kad 104
Soalan
How do Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6A Ethernet cable capabilities compare?
Jawapan
Cat 5e commonly supports 1 Gb/s to 100 m; Cat 6 improves noise performance and can support 10 Gb/s on shorter runs; Cat 6A is designed for 10 Gb/s to 100 m.
Kad 105
Soalan
How do HDMI and DisplayPort fit typical display setups?
Jawapan
Both carry digital video and audio. HDMI is common on TVs and consumer equipment; DisplayPort is common on PCs and monitors, with features set by the negotiated versions.
Kad 106
Soalan
What is the practical difference between T568A and T568B terminations?
Jawapan
They place the green and orange pairs in different pin positions. Use one recognized scheme consistently at both plug and punchdown-block terminations for a normal straight-through run.
Kad 107
Soalan
Which cable ratings suit EMI, outdoor burial, and air-handling spaces?
Jawapan
Unshielded twisted pair suits ordinary low-interference runs, shielded twisted pair helps with EMI, direct-burial cable resists outdoor moisture, and plenum-rated cable limits flame spread and smoke in plenum spaces.
Kad 108
Soalan
Match RJ11, RJ45, and F-type connectors to common cabling.
Jawapan
RJ11 is commonly used for telephone wiring, the 8P8C connector called RJ45 for twisted-pair Ethernet, and F-type for threaded coax connections.
Kad 109
Soalan
How do DVI and VGA differ?
Jawapan
DVI variants may carry digital video, analog video, or both; VGA carries analog video through a 15-pin D-sub connector.
Kad 110
Soalan
How do single-mode and multimode fiber differ, and which connectors may terminate them?
Jawapan
Single-mode uses a small core for long links; multimode uses a larger core for shorter links. ST, SC, and LC are connector styles that must match the link hardware and fiber type.
Kad 111
Soalan
What should you infer from USB 2.0, USB 3.x, microUSB, miniUSB, USB-C, and Lightning labels?
Jawapan
USB 2.0 and 3.x describe protocol capabilities. MicroUSB, miniUSB, and USB-C are USB connector families; Lightning is a separate Apple connector. Plug shape alone doesn't guarantee speed or video support.
Kad 112
Soalan
How do SATA, eSATA, and Molex relate to storage connections?
Jawapan
SATA carries internal drive data, eSATA extends SATA to an external connector, and a Molex plug is a legacy power connector. Data and power paths are separate.
Kad 113
Soalan
Which legacy peripheral link commonly uses a DB9 connector?
Jawapan
A serial connection such as RS-232. It sends data sequentially and is still used for some console and industrial equipment.
Kad 114
Soalan
When does a cable adapter need active electronics?
Jawapan
When the source and destination use different signaling, not just different plug shapes. A passive adapter only changes compatible wiring; an active adapter converts the signal.
Kad 115
Soalan
Where are DIMM and SO-DIMM modules normally used?
Jawapan
Full-size DIMMs normally fit desktop or server boards; shorter SO-DIMMs fit many laptops and compact systems.
Kad 116
Soalan
Why doesn't every USB-C cable provide Thunderbolt or display output?
Jawapan
USB-C names the connector. Thunderbolt, USB speed, charging level, and video alternate modes require matching support from the port, cable, and device.
Kad 117
Soalan
Can one DDR memory generation be installed in another generation's slot?
Jawapan
No. DDR generations use different electrical designs and keying, so the module must match the motherboard.
Kad 118
Soalan
How does ECC RAM differ from non-ECC RAM?
Jawapan
ECC can detect and correct certain memory errors; non-ECC lacks that protection. The CPU and motherboard must support ECC.
Kad 119
Soalan
What does a dual- or multi-channel memory configuration require?
Jawapan
Compatible modules installed in the motherboard's paired channel slots. The board manual identifies the correct population order.
Kad 120
Soalan
What happens when compatible RAM modules have different rated speeds?
Jawapan
They normally operate at a mutually supported speed, often the slower module's rate. Platform and firmware limits can reduce it further.
Kad 121
Soalan
What limits a system's usable RAM capacity?
Jawapan
The CPU memory controller, motherboard, firmware, operating system, and supported module layout. Check the platform documentation before buying modules.
Kad 122
Soalan
How do RAID 0 and RAID 1 trade capacity for protection?
Jawapan
RAID 0 stripes data for capacity and performance but has no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data and can survive one member failure.
Kad 123
Soalan
How do 2.5-inch and 3.5-inch HDDs, spindle speed, and workload affect a drive choice?
Jawapan
The bay and interface must fit the form factor; faster spindle speed can improve access but adds heat, noise, and power use. Workload and capacity still matter.
Kad 124
Soalan
How do SATA SSDs and NVMe SSDs communicate?
Jawapan
A SATA SSD uses the SATA storage interface; an NVMe SSD uses PCIe for lower-latency flash access. The slot and firmware must support the selected signaling.
Kad 125
Soalan
Which removable media suit portable files, camera storage, and optical archives?
Jawapan
USB flash drives suit general transfers, memory cards suit compact devices such as cameras, and optical discs require a drive that supports the disc format.
Kad 126
Soalan
How do RAID 5 and RAID 6 differ?
Jawapan
RAID 5 needs at least three drives and tolerates one member failure; RAID 6 needs at least four and uses dual parity to tolerate two.
Kad 127
Soalan
What distinguishes SAS from SATA storage?
Jawapan
SAS is an enterprise-oriented serial SCSI interface with features such as dual-port support; SATA is common in client storage. The drive and controller interface must match.
Kad 128
Soalan
How do M.2 and mSATA differ?
Jawapan
M.2 is a keyed form-factor family that may carry SATA or PCIe/NVMe; mSATA is an older compact form factor that carries SATA signaling.
Kad 129
Soalan
When is an SSD preferable to an HDD?
Jawapan
Choose an SSD for low-latency, shock-resistant storage; choose an HDD when low-cost bulk capacity matters more. Neither removes the need for backup.
Kad 130
Soalan
How do ATX, microATX, and Mini-ITX motherboard form factors affect a build?
Jawapan
They differ in board size, mounting layout, and typical expansion capacity. The case, power supply, and required slots must fit the board.
Kad 131
Soalan
Match common motherboard connectors to their jobs.
Jawapan
PCI and PCIe host expansion cards; SATA and eSATA carry storage data; M.2 hosts compact devices; headers connect case features; power connectors feed the board and CPU.
Kad 132
Soalan
What does RAID 10 provide?
Jawapan
Striping across mirrored pairs, normally using at least four drives. It combines performance with redundancy, but surviving multiple failures depends on which members fail.
Kad 133
Soalan
What must match before installing an AMD or Intel CPU?
Jawapan
The CPU socket, chipset, firmware, and thermal design must support that exact processor. Multisocket boards also require a supported processor combination.
Kad 134
Soalan
Which UEFI settings commonly control startup and hardware access?
Jawapan
Boot order, removable-media boot, USB permissions, fan behavior, temperature monitoring, and virtualization support. Change only the setting required for the task.
Kad 135
Soalan
How do Secure Boot, a boot password, and a firmware setup password differ?
Jawapan
Secure Boot verifies trusted boot software; a boot password challenges startup; a setup password restricts firmware changes.
Kad 136
Soalan
How do x86, x64, and ARM CPU architectures affect compatibility?
Jawapan
They use different instruction-set families; x86 is 32-bit, x64 extends that family to 64-bit, and ARM uses a RISC design. The OS and applications need compatible builds.
Kad 137
Soalan
What does adding CPU cores improve?
Jawapan
Parallel work when software can use the cores. Architecture, clock speed, cooling, memory, and workload still shape performance.
Kad 138
Soalan
Match sound, video, capture, and network expansion cards to their jobs.
Jawapan
Sound cards handle audio I/O, video cards render graphics, capture cards ingest external media signals, and NICs add network connectivity.
Kad 139
Soalan
How do a TPM and HSM support encryption differently?
Jawapan
A TPM is a system security chip for protected keys and platform measurements; an HSM is a dedicated device or service for controlled cryptographic key operations.
Kad 140
Soalan
How do fans and heat sinks work together?
Jawapan
A heat sink spreads component heat across fins; fans move air across those fins and through the case.
Kad 141
Soalan
Why are thermal paste or pads placed between a chip and cooler?
Jawapan
They fill microscopic gaps so heat transfers efficiently. Use the specified material and amount.
Kad 142
Soalan
What extra components does liquid CPU cooling add to diagnosis?
Jawapan
A pump, coolant path, radiator, fans, tubing, and seals. Verify mounting, flow, airflow, and leaks.
Kad 143
Soalan
What hardware and firmware support may a hypervisor require?
Jawapan
A compatible CPU virtualization feature enabled in UEFI, plus enough memory, storage, networking, and security controls for its guests.
Kad 144
Soalan
What must be checked when a PSU can receive 110–120 VAC or 220–240 VAC?
Jawapan
Its input range and selector behavior. Use the local mains range and never guess with a manual voltage switch.
Kad 145
Soalan
What do the 3.3 V, 5 V, and 12 V PSU rails typically power?
Jawapan
They supply different component circuits: 3.3 V and 5 V serve logic and peripherals, while 12 V commonly feeds CPU/GPU regulators, motors, and fans.
Kad 146
Soalan
What does a 20+4-pin ATX connector power?
Jawapan
The motherboard's main input. The CPU normally needs a separate 4- or 8-pin EPS-style connection.
Kad 147
Soalan
How should PSU wattage be chosen?
Jawapan
Add the system's realistic peak demand and sensible headroom, then confirm connector, rail, and quality requirements. A large wattage label alone doesn't prove suitability.
Kad 148
Soalan
What is the advantage and main caution of a modular PSU?
Jawapan
Detachable cables reduce clutter, but only cables approved for that exact PSU should be used. Modular pinouts aren't universally interchangeable.
Kad 149
Soalan
What does a redundant power supply provide?
Jawapan
Two or more power modules so one can fail without immediately stopping the system. Redundancy still needs correct capacity and monitoring.
Kad 150
Soalan
Why does PSU efficiency matter?
Jawapan
Higher efficiency wastes less input power as heat at a given load. Efficiency certification doesn't replace checks for electrical quality, capacity, or connectors.
Kad 151
Soalan
How does a laser printer create and fix an image?
Jawapan
It forms an electrostatic image, applies toner, and bonds the toner with a heated fuser. Toner, drum, transfer, and fuser parts all affect output.
Kad 152
Soalan
What should be checked when unboxing and placing a multifunction printer?
Jawapan
Remove shipping locks, allow service clearance and ventilation, match power and network access, load supported media, and choose a stable location.
Kad 153
Soalan
How do PCL and PostScript printer drivers differ?
Jawapan
PCL is common for fast office output and can vary by device; PostScript describes pages in a device-independent way that suits complex graphics. Use the printer's supported driver.
Kad 154
Soalan
What should be verified when choosing USB, Ethernet, or Wi-Fi for a printer?
Jawapan
Verify the intended users, cable or signal path, addressing, security, firmware, and driver support. USB serves a local host; network links serve reachable clients.
Kad 155
Soalan
Which parts and maintenance tasks are typical for an inkjet printer?
Jawapan
Ink cartridges, printheads, pickup rollers, and feeders. Clean or align printheads, replace approved cartridges, clear jams, and service feed parts as needed.
Kad 156
Soalan
How do printer sharing and a print server differ?
Jawapan
A printer share exposes a queue from a host; a print server centralizes queues, drivers, permissions, and management for many clients.
Kad 157
Soalan
Which settings commonly change a print job's physical output?
Jawapan
Duplex, portrait or landscape orientation, paper tray and size, and quality. The application, driver, and device settings must agree.
Kad 158
Soalan
Which controls protect a public or shared printer?
Jawapan
User authentication or badging, secure print release, appropriate permissions, and audit logs. They reduce abandoned sensitive output and trace approved use.
Kad 159
Soalan
How does a direct thermal printer work and what maintenance does it need?
Jawapan
Heat darkens special thermal paper. Replace the paper correctly, clean the heating element and feed path, and remove debris.
Kad 160
Soalan
Where can a network multifunction device send scans?
Jawapan
Common destinations are email, an SMB file share, or an approved cloud service. Configure credentials, permissions, addressing, and encryption for the destination.
Kad 161
Soalan
When should you use an ADF instead of a flatbed scanner?
Jawapan
Use the automatic document feeder for stacks of loose pages; use the flatbed for fragile, bound, thick, or single originals.
Kad 162
Soalan
What does printer calibration correct?
Jawapan
Placement, density, alignment, or color registration. Run the maker's procedure after relevant part or image-quality changes.
Kad 163
Soalan
Why does an impact printer suit multipart forms?
Jawapan
Pins strike an inked ribbon and physically transfer the mark through layered paper. The mechanism is noisy but can mark multiple copies.
Kad 164
Soalan
What does a laser-printer maintenance kit commonly refresh?
Jawapan
Wear parts such as rollers and the fuser, as defined for that model. Replace depleted toner, install the kit at its service interval, calibrate when output shifts, and clean only through approved paths.
Kad 165
Soalan
How do inkjet feed and printhead maintenance address different faults?
Jawapan
Roller and feeder service fixes paper movement; printhead cleaning or alignment fixes missing or misplaced ink. Use the symptom to choose the maintenance.
Kad 166
Soalan
What is a virtual machine?
Jawapan
A software-defined computer with virtual CPU, memory, storage, and devices that runs a guest operating system on a host.
Kad 167
Soalan
Where does a Type 1 hypervisor run?
Jawapan
Directly on the host hardware. This bare-metal design is common in servers and virtualization platforms.
Kad 168
Soalan
Why use a VM as a sandbox or test environment?
Jawapan
It isolates a disposable environment from the main workload and makes repeatable testing easier. Isolation reduces risk but doesn't make untrusted code harmless.
Kad 169
Soalan
Which VM resources must be sized against real host capacity?
Jawapan
vCPU, memory, storage space, and I/O. Overcommitting them can make several guests compete for the same hardware.
Kad 170
Soalan
What does application virtualization do?
Jawapan
It packages, streams, or isolates an application from the base installation. It can simplify delivery or preserve some legacy applications without virtualizing a whole desktop.
Kad 171
Soalan
Where does a Type 2 hypervisor run?
Jawapan
As an application on a host operating system. It is convenient for desktop labs, testing, and occasional guests.
Kad 172
Soalan
Which security layers need attention on a virtualization host?
Jawapan
The host, hypervisor, management access, guest OSs, virtual networks, and images. Patch and isolate each layer according to its role.
Kad 173
Soalan
What must be planned for VM networking?
Jawapan
Addressing, virtual switch or NAT mode, segmentation, bandwidth, and access controls. A guest still needs a deliberate path to required services.
Kad 174
Soalan
What does VDI deliver?
Jawapan
Centrally hosted desktop sessions to remote clients. Compute and management stay in the data center or cloud rather than on each endpoint.
Kad 175
Soalan
What must be planned for VM storage?
Jawapan
Capacity, performance, snapshots, backup, and failure location. A snapshot on the same datastore isn't a complete backup.
Kad 176
Soalan
How does a container differ from a typical VM?
Jawapan
A container isolates an application while sharing the host kernel; a VM normally includes a full guest operating system.
Kad 177
Soalan
How can virtualization support legacy or cross-platform workloads?
Jawapan
A compatible guest OS or virtualized application layer can preserve the required environment. CPU architecture, licenses, drivers, and hardware access still constrain compatibility.
Kad 178
Soalan
What does a container image provide?
Jawapan
A repeatable application filesystem and configuration used to start containers. Running containers add temporary writable state unless storage is attached.
Kad 179
Soalan
A virtualization option is unavailable. What should you verify?
Jawapan
Verify CPU and platform support, then enable the required virtualization feature in UEFI if policy allows. Also confirm that another hypervisor hasn't claimed it.
Kad 180
Soalan
What defines a public cloud?
Jawapan
It is offered for open use by the general public and operated by a cloud provider. Its resources may be shared or dedicated, depending on the service.
Kad 181
Soalan
What does IaaS provide?
Jawapan
Cloud compute, networking, and storage infrastructure. The customer usually manages the operating system, applications, identities, and data.
Kad 182
Soalan
What is cloud elasticity?
Jawapan
The ability to add or remove resources as demand changes, automatically or on request.
Kad 183
Soalan
What does metered cloud utilization measure?
Jawapan
Consumed resources such as compute time, storage, requests, or transferred data for reporting, limits, and billing.
Kad 184
Soalan
What defines a private cloud?
Jawapan
Cloud infrastructure reserved for one organization. It can run on-site or be hosted and operated by a provider.
Kad 185
Soalan
What does SaaS provide?
Jawapan
A complete provider-run application accessed as a service. The customer mainly manages users, settings, and data.
Kad 186
Soalan
How do shared and dedicated cloud resources differ?
Jawapan
Shared resources serve multiple customers with logical isolation; dedicated resources are reserved for one customer. Either can appear in a provider's public-cloud offering.
Kad 187
Soalan
What is high availability designed to reduce?
Jawapan
Service downtime from component or location failure through redundancy and failover.
Kad 188
Soalan
What is a hybrid cloud?
Jawapan
A coordinated use of private-cloud and public-cloud environments, with workloads or data placed where their requirements fit.
Kad 189
Soalan
What does PaaS provide?
Jawapan
A managed application platform and runtime. Developers deploy code while the provider manages more of the operating system and infrastructure.
Kad 190
Soalan
What do cloud ingress and egress mean?
Jawapan
Ingress is data entering the cloud service; egress is data leaving it. Providers often meter them differently, and egress can create a notable cost.
Kad 191
Soalan
What does cloud multitenancy mean?
Jawapan
Multiple customers use provider infrastructure while their workloads and data remain logically isolated.
Kad 192
Soalan
What is a community cloud?
Jawapan
Cloud infrastructure reserved for organizations with shared requirements, such as a sector or policy need, rather than for unrestricted public use.
Kad 193
Soalan
What does FaaS run?
Jawapan
Event-triggered functions without the customer managing servers directly. The provider manages the execution environment and scaling mechanics.
Kad 194
Soalan
Does using a cloud service remove the customer's security duties?
Jawapan
No. Responsibility is shared: the provider protects its service layers, while the customer still manages assigned areas such as identities, settings, applications, and data.
Kad 195
Soalan
What can happen when two offline devices edit the same cloud-synchronized file?
Jawapan
A synchronization conflict. Preserve both versions, let sync finish, compare the changes, and keep the intended content.
Kad 196
Soalan
A PC stops at POST with a beep or status-light pattern. What should you do next?
Jawapan
Look up the exact pattern in the system or motherboard service documentation, then test the indicated component.
Kad 197
Soalan
A desktop shows no lights or fan movement. Where should power diagnosis start?
Jawapan
At the outlet, power strip, cord, PSU input switch, and main internal power connections. Move from the source inward.
Kad 198
Soalan
A PC shows a proprietary crash screen. What evidence should you collect first?
Jawapan
Record the stop code and recent hardware changes, then check memory, storage, drivers, temperature, and logs indicated by that code.
Kad 199
Soalan
A PC powers on but the screen stays blank. What hardware checks come first?
Jawapan
Check display power and input, video cabling, GPU seating or power, and whether POST completes. Test one known-good display path at a time.
Kad 200
Soalan
A computer is sluggish under ordinary work. Which hardware conditions should you check?
Jawapan
Check temperature and throttling, RAM pressure, storage health and free space, CPU load, and background I/O before replacing parts.
Kad 201
Soalan
A PC becomes unstable as CPU temperature rises. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect fan operation, heat-sink mounting, thermal material, dust, filters, and case airflow. The CPU may throttle or shut down to protect itself.
Kad 202
Soalan
You smell burning from a powered computer. What is the immediate action?
Jawapan
Shut it down and disconnect power. Don't keep testing until the damaged power or board component has been safely identified.
Kad 203
Soalan
A PC shuts down randomly only during heavy GPU work. What should you test?
Jawapan
Test PSU capacity and condition, GPU power leads, temperature, and event logs. Peak load can expose weak power or cooling.
Kad 204
Soalan
Applications crash randomly after new RAM is installed. What should you do?
Jawapan
Verify compatibility and slot placement, reseat the modules, and run a memory diagnostic. Test modules separately if needed.
Kad 205
Soalan
A computer develops an unusual fan or grinding noise. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect fans, cables, pumps, drives, dust, and mounting points while the system is safely powered down when contact is possible.
Kad 206
Soalan
What should you do after finding a swollen motherboard capacitor?
Jawapan
Disconnect power and replace the failed board or arrange qualified component service. Don't keep operating a board with a visibly failing capacitor.
Kad 207
Soalan
A PC loses its date and time whenever it is unplugged. What is the likely cause?
Jawapan
A weak motherboard coin-cell battery. Replace it with the specified type and restore any lost firmware settings.
Kad 208
Soalan
Firmware reports less RAM than is installed. What is the first corrective step?
Jawapan
Power down, follow ESD precautions, and reseat the modules in the recommended slots. Then test compatibility, sticks, and slots methodically.
Kad 209
Soalan
A newly installed CPU isn't recognized even though it fits the socket. What should you verify?
Jawapan
Verify chipset and firmware support, CPU power, contact condition, seating, and cooling. Physical fit alone doesn't prove compatibility.
Kad 210
Soalan
How can you isolate a motherboard, CPU, RAM, or PSU no-POST fault?
Jawapan
Reduce the system to minimum required hardware, confirm known-good power, and add components back one at a time.
Kad 211
Soalan
A storage controller shows a warning LED or audible alarm. What should you do first?
Jawapan
Read the controller's exact status, preserve a current backup, and identify the affected drive or array before replacing anything.
Kad 212
Soalan
A hard drive clicks or grinds while reads fail. What should you prioritize?
Jawapan
Stop unnecessary activity, preserve recoverable data, and replace the drive. Repeated testing can worsen a mechanical failure.
Kad 213
Soalan
A PC reports no bootable device. Which checks come first?
Jawapan
Check firmware drive detection and boot order, then data and power connections. If the drive is detected, check its health before changing partitions.
Kad 214
Soalan
Files are corrupt or missing after storage errors. What should you do?
Jawapan
Stop writes, preserve the affected media, restore from a verified backup when appropriate, and diagnose the drive, controller, memory, and filesystem cause.
Kad 215
Soalan
A controller reports an array missing. What should you avoid?
Jawapan
Don't initialize or recreate it blindly. Check controller configuration, cabling, power, member detection, and the documented recovery path first.
Kad 216
Soalan
A drive has unusually long read and write times. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect health data, errors, cable or link negotiation, free space, workload, temperature, and the storage interface.
Kad 217
Soalan
What should you do after a S.M.A.R.T. failure warning?
Jawapan
Back up important data immediately and plan drive replacement. A health warning isn't something to clear and ignore.
Kad 218
Soalan
Firmware sees a drive, but the operating system doesn't. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check OS storage management, drivers, bus support, partitions, and whether the disk is offline. Don't initialize a disk that may contain needed data.
Kad 219
Soalan
A RAID array is degraded after a member fails. What is the safe response?
Jawapan
Confirm the failed member, verify backup, replace it through the controller's procedure, and monitor the rebuild. Don't remove a healthy member by guesswork.
Kad 220
Soalan
What can cause low storage IOPS even when capacity is available?
Jawapan
A saturated or slow device, high queue depth, contention, thermal throttling, controller limits, or an unsuitable RAID layout.
Kad 221
Soalan
A monitor reports no signal. What should you check first?
Jawapan
Check power, selected input, cable seating, adapter compatibility, and whether the computer is producing video.
Kad 222
Soalan
A projector is dim or shuts down intermittently. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect the bulb or light source, filters, vents, temperature, brightness settings, room light, and service-life indicators.
Kad 223
Soalan
Text looks fuzzy or the desktop doesn't fit the screen. Which settings should you verify?
Jawapan
Verify native resolution, scaling, aspect ratio, and any overscan setting. Then check cable and adapter quality.
Kad 224
Soalan
How do display burn-in and a dead pixel differ?
Jawapan
Burn-in is persistent image retention across an area; a dead or stuck pixel is a fixed point defect. Confirm each with varied full-screen test images.
Kad 225
Soalan
A display flashes or flickers at a new refresh rate. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check that the display, GPU, port, cable, resolution, and refresh rate combination is supported.
Kad 226
Soalan
A projected image is trapezoidal or distorted. What should you adjust?
Jawapan
Correct projector position, angle, focus, and aspect ratio first; use keystone correction only as needed.
Kad 227
Soalan
A monitor shows incorrect colors. How do you isolate the cause?
Jawapan
Check color settings and profiles, reseat or replace the cable, test another input or display, and inspect GPU output and drivers.
Kad 228
Soalan
Video works over HDMI or DisplayPort, but audio doesn't. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check the OS playback device, application output, display volume, cable capability, and whether the adapter carries audio.
Kad 229
Soalan
A laptop LCD shows a faint image only under a flashlight. Which area is likely failing?
Jawapan
The backlight or its power/driver path. The faint picture shows that image data still reaches the panel.
Kad 230
Soalan
A phone battery drains much faster than usual. What should you check first?
Jawapan
Check battery health and recent screen, app, radio, and location use. Confirm the usage change before replacing hardware.
Kad 231
Soalan
A phone has a broken screen but still receives notifications. What should guide the repair?
Jawapan
Back up accessible data, stop using sharp or exposed surfaces, and determine whether the glass, display, digitizer, or full assembly is replaceable.
Kad 232
Soalan
A phone won't charge and its port looks damaged. What is the safe first test?
Jawapan
Inspect without metal tools, then try a known-good compatible cable and charger. Use wireless charging only if the device supports it and the battery is safe.
Kad 233
Soalan
A phone has poor or no connectivity. What should you isolate?
Jawapan
Test Wi-Fi, cellular, and Bluetooth separately; check airplane mode, signal, account or SIM/eSIM state, and the specific network settings.
Kad 234
Soalan
A battery is pushing a mobile-device case apart. What should you do?
Jawapan
Power it down, stop charging it, and arrange approved battery service. Don't press the case closed.
Kad 235
Soalan
A mobile device gets wet. Why should you avoid powering or charging it?
Jawapan
Moisture can cause shorts and corrosion. Shut it down and follow the manufacturer's drying or service guidance.
Kad 236
Soalan
Touch input drifts or misses one area. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check screen cleanliness and protectors, test calibration if supported, compare apps, and inspect the digitizer connection or damage.
Kad 237
Soalan
A phone slows down and overheats during light use. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect battery health, storage pressure, updates, background apps, signal hunting, and possible malware. Stop use if heat is unsafe.
Kad 238
Soalan
A mobile device shows pop-ups and heavy data use after an untrusted install. What should you suspect?
Jawapan
Malware or a harmful app. Disconnect as needed, preserve required evidence, remove it through the approved mobile-security process, and update the device.
Kad 239
Soalan
A mobile device can't install a new application. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check free storage, OS and hardware compatibility, account or store access, network service, and MDM policy before bypassing any restriction.
Kad 240
Soalan
An active stylus doesn't work, but finger touch does. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check stylus compatibility, charge or battery, pairing, tip, app support, and the device's active-digitizer settings.
Kad 241
Soalan
Users report slow network speeds. What should you measure before changing hardware?
Jawapan
Measure negotiated link rate, throughput, utilization, errors, signal, channel use, and server or ISP performance to locate the bottleneck.
Kad 242
Soalan
Wi-Fi disconnects intermittently in one area. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect signal strength, roaming, interference, channel plan, access-point placement, client drivers, and power-saving behavior.
Kad 243
Soalan
A client reports limited connectivity. Which layers should you check in order?
Jawapan
Check physical or wireless link, IP address and mask, gateway, DHCP, DNS, and upstream reachability.
Kad 244
Soalan
A user repeatedly fails network authentication. What should you verify?
Jawapan
Verify the account and credentials, time, certificate, authentication method, network policy, and whether the user or device is authorized.
Kad 245
Soalan
Which tools help locate high latency?
Jawapan
Ping compares delay and loss; traceroute shows the path by hops. Test several destinations to separate a local, provider, and destination issue.
Kad 246
Soalan
What signs point to external wireless interference?
Jawapan
Signal quality or throughput drops despite adequate strength, often near a device or at certain times. A spectrum or Wi-Fi analyzer helps confirm it.
Kad 247
Soalan
A switch port repeatedly changes between up and down. What should you isolate?
Jawapan
Isolate the patch cable, wall run, endpoint NIC, and switch port. Review port logs and test the cable for a port-flapping cause.
Kad 248
Soalan
A wired PC has no link light. Where should troubleshooting start?
Jawapan
At the cable, connector, NIC, and switch port. Changing IP settings can't repair a missing physical link.
Kad 249
Soalan
VoIP sounds choppy even though average bandwidth is adequate. Which network condition should you measure?
Jawapan
Jitter, along with latency and packet loss. QoS and congestion control may help after the impaired path is identified.
Kad 250
Soalan
Internet access drops for every local client, then returns. Where should you look?
Jawapan
Check the shared WAN path: the router's WAN link, modem or ONT, provider service, power, and logs. Independent failures across every local client at once are unlikely.
Kad 251
Soalan
A host can reach an internet IP but not a website name. What is the likely fault?
Jawapan
DNS resolution. Check the configured resolver and test a direct lookup.
Kad 252
Soalan
A PC receives a 169.254.x.x address. What should you test next?
Jawapan
Test its link and the path to DHCP. The APIPA address shows that normal lease configuration failed.
Kad 253
Soalan
Two hosts report an address conflict. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect static assignments, DHCP reservations, and the lease scope for a duplicate IP address.
Kad 254
Soalan
A PC on a new switch port can't reach its department resources. What should you verify?
Jawapan
Verify the access VLAN, then its routing and policy. A good physical link on the wrong VLAN still provides the wrong network access.
Kad 255
Soalan
A PoE camera has network pairs but no power. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check the injector or switch standard, port state, total power budget, cable quality, and camera power requirement.
Kad 256
Soalan
Only one PC lacks network access while nearby systems work. What should you compare?
Jawapan
Compare its link, IP settings, DNS, authentication, proxy or VPN state, and local firewall with a working peer.
Kad 257
Soalan
A printed page has a line in the same place every time. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect the cartridge, printhead, drum, scanner glass, and approved cleaning path for contamination or damage, based on printer type.
Kad 258
Soalan
A printer produces garbled characters. What should you verify?
Jawapan
Verify the driver and print language, cable or network path, firmware, and source document. Cancel the bad job before retrying.
Kad 259
Soalan
A printer reports a paper jam. What is the safe response?
Jawapan
Stop the job, follow the documented paper path, remove paper in the specified direction, and check for scraps or damaged rollers.
Kad 260
Soalan
Several print jobs remain pending after the printer recovers. What should you do?
Jawapan
Cancel failed jobs as appropriate, verify printer status and connectivity, restart the print service if needed, then send one small test page.
520 kad
CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2
Ulang kaji dek ini secara percuma
Nibomo akan dibuka supaya anda boleh mula mengulang kaji.
Kad 261
Soalan
Printed pages are uniformly faded. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check toner or ink level, density or quality settings, cartridge condition, and the correct media setting.
Kad 262
Soalan
A printer makes a grinding noise. What should you do?
Jawapan
Stop the job and inspect for jammed media, foreign objects, damaged gears, or a misseated cartridge or maintenance part.
Kad 263
Soalan
Paper won't feed or several sheets feed together. Which parts should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect pickup rollers, the separation pad, feeder, paper condition, tray guides, and load limit.
Kad 264
Soalan
A document prints in the wrong orientation. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check portrait or landscape settings in the application and driver, then confirm paper size and any device default.
Kad 265
Soalan
What commonly causes speckles across printed pages?
Jawapan
Loose toner, ink contamination, a dirty print path, or a damaged cartridge or drum. Use the printer type and repeating pattern to narrow it.
Kad 266
Soalan
A finisher won't staple or punch pages. What should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect the staple cartridge or jam, punch waste bin, finisher seating, supported paper, and driver job settings.
Kad 267
Soalan
A printer doesn't recognize a loaded tray. What should you check?
Jawapan
Check tray seating, paper guides and size sensors, media settings, firmware, and driver configuration.
Kad 268
Soalan
A network printer shows Ready but clients can't reach it. What should you test?
Jawapan
Test its link, IP configuration, address conflict, VLAN and routing path, print port, and firewall access.
Kad 269
Soalan
A laser page shows a repeated faint image. Which area should you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect the imaging drum and fuser for ghosting. The repeat distance can help the service guide identify the rotating part.
Kad 270
Soalan
A print queue is frozen and won't process a test page. What should you do?
Jawapan
Clear the blocked job safely, restart the spooler or print service, verify disk and printer connectivity, then submit one small test.
Kad 271
Soalan
Which desktop OS is the usual choice for broad business software and Active Directory integration?
Jawapan
Windows. It has the widest support for common business applications and native integration with Microsoft domain services.
Kad 272
Soalan
When is a clean OS installation preferable to an in-place upgrade?
Jawapan
Choose a clean install when you need a fresh system or the existing installation is unreliable. It removes installed apps and settings, so back up user data first.
Kad 273
Soalan
Which Windows command lists files and folders in the current directory?
Jawapan
dir. Use cd when you need to change the current directory.
Kad 274
Soalan
Which Windows tool gives a quick view of running processes, startup apps, users, services, and performance?
Jawapan
Task Manager. It is the first stop for a quick process or resource check.
Kad 275
Soalan
What should you check before moving a user between desktop or mobile operating systems?
Jawapan
Check application, peripheral, file-format, and account compatibility first. A supported OS is still a bad fit if the user's required tools or data won't work on it.
Kad 276
Soalan
How should you choose between a public and private Windows network profile?
Jawapan
Use Public on untrusted networks and Private only on trusted local networks. The profile changes discovery and firewall behavior.
Kad 277
Soalan
Which Windows command shows the current IP configuration?
Jawapan
ipconfig. Add /all when you need details such as DHCP, DNS, gateway, and adapter addresses.
Kad 278
Soalan
What is the main benefit of deploying an OS image?
Jawapan
It applies a prepared, consistent system build to multiple devices. The image still needs compatible drivers, licensing, and post-deployment updates.
Kad 279
Soalan
Which console should you open to investigate recorded application, security, or system errors?
Jawapan
Event Viewer. Filter by the relevant time, source, and event level instead of treating every warning as the cause.
Kad 280
Soalan
Which Windows file system supports permissions, encryption, compression, and large local volumes?
Jawapan
NTFS. It is the standard Windows file system when you need access controls and other full desktop features.
Kad 281
Soalan
Which Windows edition fits a basic home PC that does not need business management features?
Jawapan
Windows Home. It covers normal consumer use but lacks several business features found in Pro and Enterprise.
Kad 282
Soalan
What do the common macOS application forms .dmg, .pkg, and .app represent?
Jawapan
A .dmg is a mountable disk image, a .pkg runs an installer, and an .app is an application bundle. Remove software with its supported process, especially when it installed system components.
Kad 283
Soalan
Which boot approach lets a technician start an installer delivered by a deployment server?
Jawapan
Network boot, commonly PXE. The client firmware and network must support it, and the deployment service must be reachable.
Kad 284
Soalan
Which command is the quickest basic test of IP reachability to another host?
Jawapan
ping. A failed ping is only a clue because the host or firewall may block echo traffic.
Kad 285
Soalan
Which Windows tool creates partitions, assigns drive letters, and initializes disks?
Jawapan
Disk Management. Confirm the disk and volume before making changes because some operations can destroy data.
Kad 286
Soalan
What is safer than disabling Windows Firewall when one application is blocked?
Jawapan
Create the narrowest required application or port exception. Keep the firewall enabled and limit the rule to the needed profiles and traffic.
Kad 287
Soalan
What should you compare before installing a demanding application?
Jawapan
Compare its OS, CPU, RAM, storage, graphics, VRAM, and peripheral requirements with the device. Check both minimum and practical workload needs.
Kad 288
Soalan
Which Windows edition is the usual minimum for joining a business domain and hosting Remote Desktop?
Jawapan
Windows Pro. It also adds business features such as BitLocker management and Local Group Policy.
Kad 289
Soalan
Which Windows command queries DNS records for a name?
Jawapan
nslookup. It helps distinguish name-resolution trouble from basic network reachability.
Kad 290
Soalan
Which macOS feature creates versioned backups for normal file and system recovery?
Jawapan
Time Machine. Confirm the backup destination is available and test that needed files can actually be restored.
Kad 291
Soalan
What makes zero-touch deployment different from a normal remote installation?
Jawapan
Zero-touch deployment minimizes hands-on setup after the device starts. Policies, applications, and identity configuration are applied automatically.
Kad 292
Soalan
When is exFAT usually a better removable-drive format than FAT32?
Jawapan
Use exFAT when the drive must move between modern operating systems and hold files larger than FAT32's 4 GB per-file limit.
Kad 293
Soalan
Which values must be correct in a manual IPv4 client configuration?
Jawapan
The IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server settings must fit the network. A wrong value can break local or internet access.
Kad 294
Soalan
How do FileVault and Keychain serve different security jobs on macOS?
Jawapan
FileVault encrypts the startup disk; Keychain stores passwords, certificates, and keys. Neither replaces good account security or backups.
Kad 295
Soalan
What should you verify before booting an installer from USB media?
Jawapan
Verify the media is trusted and bootable, then select the correct temporary boot device. Also confirm the firmware mode matches the planned partition style.
Kad 296
Soalan
Which Windows console is best for checking a device's driver status or hardware error code?
Jawapan
Device Manager. It shows detected hardware, driver details, disabled devices, and device error codes.
Kad 297
Soalan
When is Windows Enterprise a better fit than Pro?
Jawapan
Use Enterprise for centrally managed organizations that need its additional security, deployment, and control features. It is licensed for organizational use rather than a typical retail PC.
Kad 298
Soalan
How does a domain differ from a workgroup for Windows client management?
Jawapan
A domain provides centralized identity and policy; a workgroup manages accounts separately on each PC. Shared resources must match the chosen model.
Kad 299
Soalan
Which command shows active network connections and listening ports on Windows?
Jawapan
netstat. Use its documented options to include process IDs or numeric addresses when needed.
Kad 300
Soalan
Which Windows tool runs a program or script on a trigger or schedule?
Jawapan
Task Scheduler. Use it for defined triggers such as a time, startup, sign-in, or event.
Kad 301
Soalan
What must be assigned before a user can legally use many cloud productivity apps?
Jawapan
The correct service license. Installation alone does not grant an account access to licensed features.
Kad 302
Soalan
What do /Applications, /Users, /Library, and /System hold on macOS?
Jawapan
They hold installed apps, user home folders, shared support data, and protected system components, respectively. A user's own Library sits inside that user's home folder.
Kad 303
Soalan
What path format directly identifies a Windows network share?
Jawapan
A UNC path such as \\server\share. A mapped drive gives that share a drive letter for convenience.
Kad 304
Soalan
Why can a 32-bit-only dependency block an otherwise capable 64-bit system?
Jawapan
The application may rely on an unsupported 32-bit component or driver. Confirm the complete dependency chain, not just the CPU architecture.
Kad 305
Soalan
Which file systems are common on Linux desktops and servers?
Jawapan
ext4 and XFS. Both are Linux-native choices; support for features and repair tools depends on the distribution and workload.
Kad 306
Soalan
What workload is Windows Pro for Workstations aimed at?
Jawapan
High-end professional hardware and demanding workloads. It adds support intended for workstation-class processors, memory, and storage features.
Kad 307
Soalan
Why synchronize identity between an organization and a cloud productivity service?
Jawapan
It keeps user accounts and access aligned with the organization's identity source. Provisioning and removal can then follow the user's lifecycle.
Kad 308
Soalan
When should you try a repair installation or recovery environment?
Jawapan
Use it when the current OS is damaged but preserving the installation is still reasonable. Back up recoverable data before making larger changes.
Kad 309
Soalan
Which Windows command traces the router hops toward a destination?
Jawapan
tracert. Use pathping when you also need sampled latency and loss information across the route.
Kad 310
Soalan
Why should mobile apps come from the platform's trusted store or an approved enterprise source?
Jawapan
Trusted sources provide stronger publisher, signing, and review checks. Sideloading from an unknown source raises the risk of a malicious or altered app.
Kad 311
Soalan
What is distinctive about a Windows N edition?
Jawapan
It omits certain built-in media technologies. An application that depends on those components may need Microsoft's media feature package.
Kad 312
Soalan
Which partition style is the normal choice for a modern UEFI system?
Jawapan
GPT. It supports modern UEFI booting, large disks, and more partitions than legacy MBR.
Kad 313
Soalan
What should you confirm when setting up a cloud storage sync folder?
Jawapan
Confirm the account, selected folders, local disk impact, sharing rules, and whether files remain available offline.
Kad 314
Soalan
When does a dedicated GPU matter more than integrated graphics?
Jawapan
It matters when the application requires more graphics performance or dedicated VRAM than the integrated GPU can provide.
Kad 315
Soalan
How do chmod and chown differ on Linux?
Jawapan
chmod changes permission bits; chown changes file ownership. Verify the target and use elevated rights only when required.
Kad 316
Soalan
Which command checks a Windows volume's file-system structure for errors?
Jawapan
chkdsk. Review its options before requesting repairs because a repair may need exclusive access or a restart.
Kad 317
Soalan
What is the difference between partitioning and formatting a drive?
Jawapan
Partitioning defines logical regions on the drive; formatting creates a file system inside a partition. Both can affect existing data, so confirm the target first.
Kad 318
Soalan
What does a client VPN connection provide?
Jawapan
It creates an encrypted path to a remote private network. The user still needs valid authentication and authorization for its resources.
Kad 319
Soalan
Which Linux package managers are common on Debian-based and Fedora-based systems?
Jawapan
apt is common on Debian and Ubuntu; dnf is common on Fedora and related systems. Use authorized sudo elevation for administrative package changes instead of routine root login.
Kad 320
Soalan
When should you use Performance Monitor instead of only Task Manager?
Jawapan
Use Performance Monitor when you need counters collected over time. Task Manager is better for a quick live snapshot.
Kad 321
Soalan
Which Windows command-line tool manages disks, partitions, and volumes?
Jawapan
diskpart. Select and verify the exact disk before any destructive command.
Kad 322
Soalan
Which firmware and security components are central to Windows 11 hardware eligibility?
Jawapan
UEFI with Secure Boot capability and a supported TPM 2.0 are central requirements. The processor, RAM, and storage must also meet Microsoft's current requirements.
Kad 323
Soalan
What should you verify before a mobile OS upgrade?
Jawapan
Check device support, free storage, battery or power, network access, app compatibility, and a current backup.
Kad 324
Soalan
Why mark a Windows connection as metered?
Jawapan
It tells Windows to limit some background transfers on a connection with a data cap or high cost. Updates and cloud sync may behave differently.
Kad 325
Soalan
Which file system is designed for current Apple storage devices?
Jawapan
APFS. It is Apple's modern file system for macOS and other Apple platforms.
Kad 326
Soalan
Which Linux commands distinguish free filesystem space from a directory's space use?
Jawapan
df reports filesystem free space; du estimates space used by files and directories. Use both when tracking down a full disk.
Kad 327
Soalan
What belongs in an OS upgrade preflight check?
Jawapan
Back up user data and settings, then verify hardware, applications, drivers, storage, licensing, and the supported upgrade path.
Kad 328
Soalan
Why should Windows show known file extensions during support work?
Jawapan
Visible extensions make file types easier to verify and help expose misleading names such as invoice.pdf.exe.
Kad 329
Soalan
What is the safest source for an application installer?
Jawapan
Use the vendor's trusted store or official download channel. Verify the publisher, signature, or published hash when available.
Kad 330
Soalan
Which Windows command is built for reliable folder copying with restart and mirror options?
Jawapan
robocopy. Treat mirror or purge options carefully because they can delete destination files that are absent from the source.
Kad 331
Soalan
Why should you verify the supported Windows edition upgrade path before starting?
Jawapan
Not every source edition can upgrade directly to every target edition. An unsupported path may require a clean install instead.
Kad 332
Soalan
Which Windows tool helps isolate startup problems by controlling boot and service options?
Jawapan
System Configuration (msconfig). Use selective startup for diagnosis, then restore the intended configuration after testing.
Kad 333
Soalan
What should a technician test before rolling out cloud videoconferencing?
Jawapan
Test supported devices, camera and microphone permissions, network capacity, sign-in, and any organization policy.
Kad 334
Soalan
What does an operating system reaching end of life mean for support?
Jawapan
The vendor no longer provides normal support or security updates. Plan a supported upgrade or replacement instead of treating the old system as safe indefinitely.
Kad 335
Soalan
Which Windows command checks protected system files and replaces damaged copies?
Jawapan
sfc /scannow. Run it from an elevated terminal and review the result before deciding the next repair step.
Kad 336
Soalan
What is the purpose of a Microsoft Management Console snap-in?
Jawapan
It adds a focused administrative tool to an MMC console. Event Viewer, Local Users and Groups, and Certificate Manager are common examples.
Kad 337
Soalan
What is the purpose of a mobile configuration profile?
Jawapan
It applies managed settings such as accounts, certificates, restrictions, and security rules. Install profiles only from an authorized administrator or trusted provider.
Kad 338
Soalan
What is ReFS mainly designed to improve on supported Windows systems?
Jawapan
Storage resilience and data integrity. ReFS is useful for supported data workloads, but it is not a universal replacement for an NTFS Windows boot volume.
Kad 339
Soalan
Why pilot a business application before a broad rollout?
Jawapan
A pilot exposes device, network, workflow, licensing, and compatibility effects on a small group before they reach everyone.
Kad 340
Soalan
Why check sharing permissions before moving a document into a collaboration workspace?
Jawapan
The move may change who can read or edit it. Confirm the intended audience, link settings, ownership, and version history.
Kad 341
Soalan
Which physical control stops a vehicle from driving close to a protected entrance?
Jawapan
Bollards. They create a physical barrier while still allowing pedestrian access.
Kad 342
Soalan
What is the main sign that a message may be phishing?
Jawapan
It tries to push you into revealing data, opening a file, or following a link under false pretenses. Verify the request through a known channel.
Kad 343
Soalan
What protects workstation data if a powered-off drive is stolen?
Jawapan
Data-at-rest encryption, such as BitLocker or FileVault. Store recovery keys through an approved process.
Kad 344
Soalan
What is the first step in a suspected malware case?
Jawapan
Investigate and verify the symptoms. Record what happened and rule out ordinary faults before declaring the system infected.
Kad 345
Soalan
What is the purpose of an access control vestibule?
Jawapan
It allows one controlled door to close before the next opens. This reduces tailgating into a secure area.
Kad 346
Soalan
How do spear phishing and whaling differ from broad phishing?
Jawapan
Spear phishing targets a specific person or group; whaling targets senior or high-value people. Both use tailored context to appear credible.
Kad 347
Soalan
Which password properties matter most for normal user accounts?
Jawapan
Use long, unique passwords and store them in an approved password manager. Complexity and expiration rules should follow current organization policy.
Kad 348
Soalan
Why is a normal format not enough before transferring a drive with sensitive data?
Jawapan
A standard format mainly rebuilds file-system structures and may leave recoverable data. Use an approved wipe, secure erase, encryption-key destruction, or physical destruction method.
Kad 349
Soalan
What makes a Trojan different from a computer virus?
Jawapan
A Trojan pretends to be legitimate so the user installs or runs it. A virus attaches its code to a host file or boot area and replicates when that code runs.
Kad 350
Soalan
Why combine a badge reader with a biometric check at a sensitive door?
Jawapan
The combination verifies something the person has and something they are. It is stronger than either factor alone.
Kad 351
Soalan
What does a BIOS or UEFI password protect?
Jawapan
It limits unauthorized firmware changes or startup access. It does not encrypt files on the drive.
Kad 352
Soalan
Which phishing names apply to voice calls, text messages, and malicious QR codes?
Jawapan
Vishing uses voice, smishing uses SMS or messaging, and QR phishing uses a code to hide the destination. Verify the request before acting.
Kad 353
Soalan
What should you do once a malware infection is reasonably confirmed?
Jawapan
Quarantine the device from networks and shared storage. Preserve any evidence required by policy while limiting further spread.
Kad 354
Soalan
Which malware hides deeply in a system to preserve privileged access?
Jawapan
A rootkit. Because it can conceal processes or changes, trusted offline scanning or reimaging may be required.
Kad 355
Soalan
What simple action protects an unattended signed-in workstation?
Jawapan
Lock the screen. Use an automatic timeout as a backup, and log off when the session is no longer needed.
Kad 356
Soalan
What do cameras, guards, alarms, lighting, and motion sensors contribute to physical security?
Jawapan
They deter, detect, record, or respond to unauthorized activity. They work best as layers rather than a single control.
Kad 357
Soalan
What attack occurs when someone watches a user enter sensitive information?
Jawapan
Shoulder surfing. Privacy screens, careful positioning, and awareness reduce the risk.
Kad 358
Soalan
How should you verify a browser download before running it?
Jawapan
Use a trusted source, confirm the publisher or signature, and compare a published hash when available. A matching hash proves integrity, not that the publisher is trustworthy.
Kad 359
Soalan
What does a computer virus need in order to spread?
Jawapan
A virus attaches to a host file or boot area and spreads when that infected code runs. A boot-sector virus targets startup data.
Kad 360
Soalan
When is a secure erase preferable to physical destruction?
Jawapan
Use a verified secure erase when the storage device will be reused and the method fits its media type. Validate the result before reassignment.
Kad 361
Soalan
How does tailgating differ from impersonation?
Jawapan
Tailgating follows an authorized person into a restricted area; impersonation claims a false identity to gain trust or access.
Kad 362
Soalan
What does the principle of least privilege require?
Jawapan
Give an account only the access needed for its current job, for only as long as needed. Review and remove unnecessary rights.
Kad 363
Soalan
What does spoofing change to make a message, host, or caller look trusted?
Jawapan
It forges identifying information such as an address, name, number, or source. Verify identity through a separate trusted signal.
Kad 364
Soalan
Which Wi-Fi security protocol is the preferred modern choice when all devices support it?
Jawapan
WPA3. Use its strongest supported mode and a strong credential or enterprise authentication.
Kad 365
Soalan
How does a DDoS attack differ from a DoS attack?
Jawapan
A DDoS attack uses many distributed sources; a DoS attack may come from one source. Both aim to exhaust availability.
Kad 366
Soalan
What assumption drives a Zero Trust access decision?
Jawapan
No user, device, or network location is trusted automatically. Verify identity, device state, context, and authorization for each access decision.
Kad 367
Soalan
Which physical methods make a hard drive unusable?
Jawapan
Approved shredding or drilling can destroy the platters and mechanism. Follow safety, environmental, and evidence-handling rules.
Kad 368
Soalan
How do account lockout and account expiration solve different problems?
Jawapan
Lockout slows repeated failed sign-ins; expiration ends access after a defined date. Set both according to business policy.
Kad 369
Soalan
Which malware categories secretly monitor a user's activity?
Jawapan
Spyware collects activity or data; a keylogger records input; stalkerware is used for covert surveillance of a person.
Kad 370
Soalan
What wireless threat presents a convincing fake access point?
Jawapan
An evil twin. Users may connect to it because its network name resembles a trusted one.
Kad 371
Soalan
What are the first security changes on a new SOHO router?
Jawapan
Change default administrator credentials, update firmware, and save a known-good configuration. Use a unique management password.
Kad 372
Soalan
What should you do when a browser reports an invalid certificate on a sensitive site?
Jawapan
Stop and verify the address, system time, and certificate details. Do not bypass the warning for sign-in or payment data.
Kad 373
Soalan
What does an access control list decide?
Jawapan
An ACL states which identities or traffic are allowed or denied on a resource. Keep entries specific and review inherited rules.
Kad 374
Soalan
Which malware blocks access to data and demands payment?
Jawapan
Ransomware. Isolate the device quickly and recover from known-good backups rather than assuming payment will restore data.
Kad 375
Soalan
How should router management access be exposed?
Jawapan
Allow it only from trusted interfaces and secure protocols, ideally from the local network. Place the router where unauthorized people cannot reset or replace it.
Kad 376
Soalan
How should Windows restore points be handled during an approved malware-removal workflow?
Jawapan
Temporarily disable System Restore when the procedure calls for it, then re-enable it and create a clean restore point after remediation.
Kad 377
Soalan
Which built-in accounts or credentials should be changed or disabled during setup?
Jawapan
Disable the guest account when unused and replace default administrator names or passwords where policy requires it. Never leave vendor defaults active.
Kad 378
Soalan
What happens in an on-path attack?
Jawapan
The attacker positions themselves between communicating parties to observe or alter traffic. Strong certificate validation and encryption help prevent it.
Kad 379
Soalan
How do browser patches and extension controls work together?
Jawapan
Patches fix browser flaws; extension controls reduce code from untrusted add-ons. Keep only approved, necessary extensions.
Kad 380
Soalan
How should a guest wireless network be separated from trusted devices?
Jawapan
Use a separate guest network with strong encryption and client isolation. Do not grant it access to internal files or management interfaces.
Kad 381
Soalan
Why disable AutoRun and unused services?
Jawapan
They remove automatic execution paths and unnecessary attack surface. Confirm a service is not required before disabling it.
Kad 382
Soalan
Which storage media can degaussing sanitize?
Jawapan
Magnetic media such as compatible hard drives and tapes, but only with an approved degausser rated for that exact medium. Flash storage such as SSDs cannot be sanitized this way. A drive becoming unusable does not prove its data was sanitized; follow and validate the approved procedure.
Kad 383
Soalan
Why update anti-malware tools before the main removal scan?
Jawapan
Current definitions and engines can recognize newer threats. Scan in a safer environment, such as Safe Mode or approved recovery media, when appropriate.
Kad 384
Soalan
What makes authentication multifactor?
Jawapan
It uses factors from at least two different categories, such as a password plus a hardware token or biometric. Two passwords are still one factor type.
Kad 385
Soalan
Which encryption choice is appropriate for a WPA2 network?
Jawapan
AES-based CCMP. Avoid selecting older TKIP just to keep obsolete clients connected.
Kad 386
Soalan
What is the basic endpoint patching sequence?
Jawapan
Inventory supported systems, deploy tested OS and application updates, verify success, and remediate failures. Endpoint security definitions need updates too.
Kad 387
Soalan
Why should daily work use a standard account instead of an administrator account?
Jawapan
A standard account limits what mistakes or malware can change. Elevate only the specific approved task through UAC or Run as administrator.
Kad 388
Soalan
When is reimaging safer than continuing to clean an infected PC?
Jawapan
Reimage when trust cannot be restored, the malware is deeply embedded, or policy requires a known-good build. Restore only verified clean data.
Kad 389
Soalan
Why is TKIP a poor choice for a new wireless network?
Jawapan
TKIP is a legacy protocol with known security limits. Replace incompatible clients and use WPA2-AES or WPA3.
Kad 390
Soalan
When is incineration an acceptable data-destruction method?
Jawapan
Only through an authorized facility that can handle the material safely and meet legal and environmental requirements.
Kad 391
Soalan
What does private browsing protect on a shared computer?
Jawapan
It reduces local history and cookie retention after the session. It does not hide activity from the network or service, so sign out and clear sensitive data as policy requires.
Kad 392
Soalan
How does a dictionary attack differ from a general brute-force attack?
Jawapan
A dictionary attack tries likely words and known password patterns; brute force systematically tries possibilities. Long, unique passwords and rate limits make both harder.
Kad 393
Soalan
How do SSO and SAML commonly work together?
Jawapan
SSO lets one sign-in reach multiple services; SAML can carry trusted authentication claims between an identity provider and a service.
Kad 394
Soalan
Why disable UPnP and unused inbound ports when they are not required?
Jawapan
They can create unnecessary paths into the network. Open only the specific service and source access the business needs.
Kad 395
Soalan
What symptom often points to an unauthorized cryptominer?
Jawapan
Unexplained sustained CPU or GPU use, heat, fan noise, or power consumption. Confirm the process before removal.
Kad 396
Soalan
What should an outsourced destruction vendor provide?
Jawapan
A traceable certificate of destruction or recycling tied to the assets. Confirm the vendor and chain of custody before release.
Kad 397
Soalan
When is just-in-time privileged access safer than a standing admin account?
Jawapan
It grants elevated rights only for an approved task and limited time. Privileged access management can control and record that elevation.
Kad 398
Soalan
What follow-up checks belong after malware removal?
Jawapan
Run updated scans, patch the system, schedule ongoing scans and updates, and verify normal behavior before reconnecting fully.
Kad 399
Soalan
Which input flaws commonly enable SQL injection and cross-site scripting?
Jawapan
SQL injection reaches a database through unsafe query input; XSS injects script into content a browser renders. Use parameterized queries for SQL and context-aware output encoding for browser content.
Kad 400
Soalan
Which mobile controls help after a managed phone is lost?
Jawapan
A locator, remote lock or wipe, device encryption, and a current remote backup. Test enrollment before the device disappears.
Kad 401
Soalan
Which control is designed to detect or block sensitive data from leaving approved boundaries?
Jawapan
Data loss prevention, or DLP. It applies rules to data in use, in motion, or at rest according to policy.
Kad 402
Soalan
When is port forwarding appropriate on a small network?
Jawapan
Use it only for an approved service that must receive inbound traffic. Prefer a screened subnet or other isolation for exposed systems, and document the narrow rule.
Kad 403
Soalan
Why can fileless malware be hard to detect?
Jawapan
It relies heavily on memory and legitimate system tools instead of leaving a normal executable on disk. Behavior monitoring is especially useful.
Kad 404
Soalan
Why are unpatched, end-of-life, or unmanaged BYOD systems a security risk?
Jawapan
They may lack current fixes, controls, or visibility. Enforce support and access policy instead of assuming a connected device is safe.
Kad 405
Soalan
What must guide disposal of batteries, storage devices, and electronics?
Jawapan
Applicable data-retention, privacy, environmental, and recycling rules. Record asset disposition according to policy.
Kad 406
Soalan
What should an email security gateway do before a message reaches the user?
Jawapan
Filter suspicious senders, links, attachments, and spoofing signals. Users should still verify unusual requests through a known channel.
Kad 407
Soalan
Which service commonly provides centralized authentication for enterprise Wi-Fi?
Jawapan
RADIUS. It validates users or devices against a central identity source; TACACS+ is more commonly associated with network-device administration.
Kad 408
Soalan
How does MDM reduce risk on BYOD and corporate-owned mobile devices?
Jawapan
MDM applies profiles, screen-lock rules, updates, app controls, and remote actions. The policy should clearly separate company requirements from personal privacy.
Kad 409
Soalan
How does a potentially unwanted program differ from clearly malicious malware?
Jawapan
A PUP may be installed with nominal consent but still adds unwanted behavior, such as aggressive ads or browser changes. Remove it through approved tools and review bundled installers.
Kad 410
Soalan
What should the technician explain to the user after a malware incident?
Jawapan
Explain the likely entry point and practical prevention steps, such as safer links, trusted downloads, updates, and prompt reporting.
Kad 411
Soalan
What is the first useful action after a Windows blue-screen crash?
Jawapan
Record the stop code and recent changes, then check relevant logs and dumps. Do not replace hardware from the blue screen alone.
Kad 412
Soalan
What should you try first when one mobile app will not launch?
Jawapan
Force-close the app, reopen it, and check for an update. If the problem persists, restart the device and verify the app still supports the OS.
Kad 413
Soalan
What should you do after finding an unapproved app already installed on a managed phone?
Jawapan
Document it and follow policy to block or remove it through the approved mobile-management process. Do not open it for testing; if compromise is plausible, contain the phone and escalate before wiping evidence.
Kad 414
Soalan
What should you do if a possibly infected PC suddenly cannot reach the network?
Jawapan
Check ordinary link and IP status, but keep the PC isolated if compromise is plausible. Do not weaken the firewall just to restore access.
Kad 415
Soalan
Where should you start when Windows feels broadly slow?
Jawapan
Check Task Manager for CPU, memory, disk, and startup pressure. Correlate the bottleneck with recent apps, updates, storage, and temperature.
Kad 416
Soalan
How should you handle a mobile app that repeatedly crashes while in use?
Jawapan
Reproduce the trigger, free needed resources, update the app and OS, and clear supported app cache or reinstall after protecting its data.
Kad 417
Soalan
Why should developer mode be disabled on a normal user's mobile device?
Jawapan
It can expose debugging, installation, or control paths that normal operation does not need. Enable it only for an authorized task and turn it off afterward.
Kad 418
Soalan
What do unfamiliar security alerts on the Windows desktop require?
Jawapan
Verify which installed product or process created them. Capture the message and avoid clicking it until its source is trusted.
Kad 419
Soalan
What should you try when Windows reaches recovery but not the normal desktop?
Jawapan
Use Startup Repair or Safe Mode to isolate the boot problem. Back up accessible data before risky repair steps.
Kad 420
Soalan
What commonly blocks a mobile app update?
Jawapan
Low storage, poor connectivity, account or store issues, device policy, or OS incompatibility. Read the exact store error before changing settings.
Kad 421
Soalan
What security boundary changes when a phone is rooted or jailbroken?
Jawapan
Platform protections and app isolation may be bypassed. Treat the device as noncompliant and restore it through an approved process.
Kad 422
Soalan
How can you recognize a fake antivirus warning?
Jawapan
It often uses urgent claims, an unfamiliar brand, or a demand to click, call, or pay. Open the approved security tool directly instead of using the alert.
Kad 423
Soalan
What does a firmware message saying no operating system was found suggest checking first?
Jawapan
Check whether the system drive is detected and first in the intended boot order. Then inspect its connection, partition, and boot data.
Kad 424
Soalan
What should you verify when a mobile app will not install?
Jawapan
Verify the source, device and OS compatibility, free storage, account licensing, and management policy.
Kad 425
Soalan
What clues suggest a mobile app is spoofing a legitimate one?
Jawapan
A mismatched publisher, unusual icon or name, excessive permissions, unexpected sign-in, or an unofficial source. Verify the real listing before entering credentials.
Kad 426
Soalan
What can unexplained renamed or missing personal files indicate?
Jawapan
Malware, ransomware, account misuse, sync trouble, or storage failure are possible. Isolate the scope and preserve evidence before recovery attempts.
Kad 427
Soalan
What evidence helps separate thermal shutdowns from power failures?
Jawapan
Review temperatures, fan operation, vents, power events, and whether the failure follows load. Test one likely cause at a time.
Kad 428
Soalan
Where should you start with a generally slow phone or tablet?
Jawapan
Check free storage, active downloads, background apps, battery condition, and pending updates. Restart before considering a reset.
Kad 429
Soalan
What should unexplained high mobile network traffic make you inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect per-app data use, recent installations, cloud sync, hotspots, and management alerts. Isolate the device if malicious traffic is plausible.
Kad 430
Soalan
What does sudden inability to open many files suggest checking?
Jawapan
Check extensions, ransom notes, permissions, storage health, and backup status. Widespread encryption may indicate ransomware.
Kad 431
Soalan
What should you inspect when a Windows service will not start?
Jawapan
Check its startup type, dependencies, logon account, permissions, and Event Viewer message. Fix the recorded cause rather than repeatedly forcing a start.
Kad 432
Soalan
A mobile OS update downloads but fails verification or installation. What should you try before resetting the device?
Jawapan
Record the exact error and check free storage first. Then use the OS vendor's supported controls to remove the incomplete update and download a fresh copy with reliable power and a stable network connection; use recovery only if the normal updater still fails.
Kad 433
Soalan
How can security trouble cause degraded mobile response time?
Jawapan
A malicious or unwanted app may consume CPU, storage, or network resources. Compare resource use with recent apps before removing anything.
Kad 434
Soalan
Where should you investigate unwanted Windows notifications?
Jawapan
Check notification settings, browser site permissions, startup apps, and recently installed software. Remove the source rather than only muting the symptom.
Kad 435
Soalan
How should you isolate an application that keeps crashing?
Jawapan
Confirm the scope, reproduce it, check logs, update the app, and test its plug-ins or profile. Reinstall only after preserving needed settings and data.
Kad 436
Soalan
How do you find the likely cause of sudden mobile battery drain?
Jawapan
Review battery usage by app and system feature, then compare with recent updates, signal conditions, screen use, and battery health.
Kad 437
Soalan
What should you check after an unexpected mobile data-limit notification?
Jawapan
Review per-app usage and the billing period, then inspect background sync, hotspot use, updates, and unknown apps.
Kad 438
Soalan
Why can repeated OS update failures be a security clue?
Jawapan
Malware may block updates, though storage, network, or service faults are also common. Investigate the exact error and other symptoms before deciding.
Kad 439
Soalan
What should a low-memory warning lead you to inspect?
Jawapan
Inspect memory pressure, runaway processes, page-file health, and workload requirements. Closing one app may help briefly but does not explain repeated warnings.
Kad 440
Soalan
What is a useful first isolation step for random mobile reboots?
Jawapan
Remove or disable the most recent app or configuration change, update the OS, and check storage and temperature. Back up before a reset.
Kad 441
Soalan
What security setting can cause limited mobile internet access even with a good signal?
Jawapan
A bad VPN, proxy, DNS, content-filtering, or management profile can restrict traffic. Compare the configuration with approved policy.
Kad 442
Soalan
What is a useful first check for random browser pop-ups?
Jawapan
Inspect site-notification permissions, extensions, startup pages, and recently installed software. Do not click inside the pop-up.
Kad 443
Soalan
What is a sensible first response to a USB controller resource warning?
Jawapan
Disconnect nonessential USB devices, remove unpowered hubs, and check Device Manager. Then update the controller or chipset driver if the evidence supports it.
Kad 444
Soalan
What is the normal first fix for a Bluetooth pairing problem?
Jawapan
Confirm both devices are discoverable and compatible, then forget the old pairing and pair again. Check distance, battery, and interference.
Kad 445
Soalan
What should you do if normal connectivity checks pass but a phone still has no internet after a suspicious app install?
Jawapan
Isolate the phone, remove or quarantine the suspicious app through the approved process, and inspect VPN, proxy, DNS, and profile changes.
Kad 446
Soalan
When does a browser certificate warning point to more than a bad website?
Jawapan
Warnings across several known-good sites can indicate wrong system time, interception, a proxy, or a trust-store problem. Compare on a trusted network and device.
Kad 447
Soalan
What should you do when instability begins right after a driver update?
Jawapan
Roll back or replace that driver with a known-good supported version. Confirm stability before changing another component.
Kad 448
Soalan
What should you check when one phone cannot join a known Wi-Fi network?
Jawapan
Confirm the network and password, toggle Wi-Fi, forget and rejoin the network, then compare with another device before resetting network settings.
Kad 449
Soalan
What commonly causes a sudden flood of ads across a mobile device?
Jawapan
Adware or a PUP is likely, especially after a recent install. Identify the responsible app instead of tapping the ads.
Kad 450
Soalan
What settings should you inspect when browser searches redirect unexpectedly?
Jawapan
Inspect the default search provider, home page, extensions, proxy, DNS, and hosts file. Record unauthorized changes before correcting them.
Kad 451
Soalan
How can you test whether a slow Windows sign-in is tied to one user profile?
Jawapan
Sign in with a known-good local profile and compare. Then inspect profile corruption, startup items, scripts, and redirected resources.
Kad 452
Soalan
What should you check when NFC works only intermittently?
Jawapan
Confirm NFC is enabled, unlock the device if required, align the NFC areas closely, and remove a case that may block the signal.
Kad 453
Soalan
How should you respond to a mobile pop-up claiming the device is infected?
Jawapan
Treat it as a likely fake security warning. Do not tap its button; close the source, inspect recent apps or browser data, and scan with approved tools.
Kad 454
Soalan
What should you compare when mobile data fails but Wi-Fi works?
Jawapan
Check airplane mode, cellular enablement, signal, data limits, SIM or eSIM state, carrier settings, and any provider outage.
Kad 455
Soalan
What is the priority when personal files appear to have leaked from a mobile device?
Jawapan
Contain the device and affected accounts, preserve relevant evidence, and follow the incident process. Revoke exposed sessions or credentials from a trusted device.
Kad 456
Soalan
Why might a mobile screen refuse to rotate?
Jawapan
Rotation lock may be enabled, the app may not support that orientation, or a motion sensor may be stuck. Check the setting before hardware diagnosis.
Kad 457
Soalan
What can unexpected mobile actions, permission prompts, or settings changes indicate?
Jawapan
An unauthorized or compromised app may be acting on the device. Review recent installs, permissions, profiles, and account activity.
Kad 458
Soalan
What makes a browser extension suspicious?
Jawapan
An unknown publisher, broad permissions, forced installation, hidden controls, or behavior unrelated to its stated job. Remove it through policy and inspect related changes.
Kad 459
Soalan
What should you verify when a Windows update repeatedly fails?
Jawapan
Check free space, restart state, network access, update history, and the specific error. Apply the vendor's targeted repair steps for that code.
Kad 460
Soalan
When should you reset a mobile device during troubleshooting?
Jawapan
Reset only after narrower fixes fail and a current backup exists. Confirm account credentials and management enrollment needed for recovery.
Kad 461
Soalan
What causes system time to drift repeatedly after shutdown?
Jawapan
A failing CMOS battery is one possibility; a bad time source or synchronization setting is another. Check when the drift occurs before replacing anything.
Kad 462
Soalan
What PC settings can malware alter to reroute traffic?
Jawapan
Proxy, DNS, browser, and hosts-file settings are common targets. Compare them with the approved network configuration.
Kad 463
Soalan
How can a clean boot help with a Windows startup problem?
Jawapan
It starts Windows with a reduced set of nonessential services and startup items. Re-enable items in groups to identify the conflict.
Kad 464
Soalan
How should you troubleshoot a browser that has become much slower than the rest of the PC?
Jawapan
Test without unneeded extensions, clear only appropriate cache data, check browser tasks, and compare a clean profile. Scan if the behavior is suspicious.
Kad 465
Soalan
What is the safest next step when several mobile security symptoms appear together?
Jawapan
Disconnect or contain the device, document the symptoms, and escalate through the approved security process. Avoid wiping evidence unless the response plan authorizes it.
Kad 466
Soalan
Which details belong at the start of a support ticket?
Jawapan
Record the user, device, contact method, affected service, and a clear issue description. Add the time and business impact when relevant.
Kad 467
Soalan
When is sfc /scannow a useful Windows repair step?
Jawapan
Use it when protected system files may be damaged. Run it elevated and follow the result instead of assuming it fixes every boot or application fault.
Kad 468
Soalan
What should you do before running a repair that may change a failing Windows disk?
Jawapan
Protect recoverable data first, then check drive health and file-system evidence. A repair tool is not a substitute for replacing failing storage.
Kad 469
Soalan
What is the right overall response to convincing PC security symptoms?
Jawapan
Contain the system, document evidence, follow the malware or incident procedure, and restore trust with approved tools or a known-good image.
Kad 470
Soalan
What does a full backup contain?
Jawapan
A full backup copies all selected data in that backup set. It is simple to restore but usually takes the most time and space to create.
Kad 471
Soalan
Where should a technician look for handling and disposal guidance for a chemical product?
Jawapan
Use its current Safety Data Sheet and local policy. Follow the listed protective, spill, storage, and disposal instructions.
Kad 472
Soalan
What should a change request state before technical planning begins?
Jawapan
State the purpose, scope, change type, affected systems, owner, and desired date. A clear request makes impact and approval review possible.
Kad 473
Soalan
What does active listening look like in a support conversation?
Jawapan
Let the customer finish, ask focused questions, and restate the problem to confirm understanding. Avoid interrupting or jumping to a diagnosis.
Kad 474
Soalan
What does chain of custody record during an incident?
Jawapan
It records who collected, handled, transferred, stored, and accessed evidence, with dates and purpose. This supports integrity and accountability.
Kad 475
Soalan
What makes a ticket issue description useful to another technician?
Jawapan
It states expected and actual behavior, exact symptoms, scope, timing, and reproducible steps without guesses presented as facts.
Kad 476
Soalan
What does an incremental backup copy?
Jawapan
It copies data changed since the most recent backup of any type. Backup runs are small, but recovery may need the last full plus every later incremental.
Kad 477
Soalan
How should a technician respond to an angry customer?
Jawapan
Stay calm, acknowledge the impact, clarify the facts, and explain realistic next steps. Do not argue, blame, or dismiss the concern.
Kad 478
Soalan
Why does order of volatility matter when collecting incident evidence?
Jawapan
More temporary data can disappear first. Follow the response plan to capture volatile information before less volatile storage when authorized.
Kad 479
Soalan
Which script type is native to traditional Windows batch command processing?
Jawapan
A .bat file. VBScript uses .vbs for older Windows automation; review either script before running it with elevated rights.
Kad 480
Soalan
How do ventilation and dust control affect equipment reliability?
Jawapan
Clear airflow removes heat; controlled dust cleanup prevents blocked vents and conductive buildup. Use equipment-safe compressed air or vacuums.
Kad 481
Soalan
How should severity and escalation be recorded?
Jawapan
Tie severity to impact and urgency, then use the defined escalation level. Do not inflate it just to move the ticket faster.
Kad 482
Soalan
Why create a forensic copy instead of investigating the original drive directly?
Jawapan
A verified copy preserves the original evidence and lets analysis proceed with less risk of alteration. Follow authorization and incident policy.
Kad 483
Soalan
When is RDP a suitable remote-access choice?
Jawapan
Use RDP for an authorized Windows desktop session over a protected path. Limit exposed services, require strong authentication, and follow session policy.
Kad 484
Soalan
How should an ESD strap be used during internal PC work?
Jawapan
Attach it to an approved ground point while working on powered-down equipment. Pair it with an ESD-safe work surface when available.
Kad 485
Soalan
What protection does a UPS add beyond a surge suppressor?
Jawapan
A UPS provides temporary battery power and usually power conditioning, giving equipment time to ride through a brief outage or shut down safely.
Kad 486
Soalan
What should progress and resolution notes contain?
Jawapan
Record tests, results, changes, timestamps, and the confirmed outcome. Another technician should be able to continue without repeating work.
Kad 487
Soalan
Which data categories usually require stricter handling and retention rules?
Jawapan
Payment data, government identifiers, personally identifiable information, and healthcare data. Apply the relevant law, contract, and business policy.
Kad 488
Soalan
Which support tasks can AI assist without making the final decision?
Jawapan
AI can help summarize tickets, draft user instructions, search approved knowledge, or suggest diagnostic paths. A technician must verify the result.
Kad 489
Soalan
What is the first electrical-safety step before repairing a PC?
Jawapan
Shut it down and disconnect power. Follow the device's service procedure because some components can retain hazardous energy.
Kad 490
Soalan
How do SSH and VNC differ for remote support?
Jawapan
SSH provides an encrypted command-line session; VNC shares a graphical desktop and needs its own secure transport and authentication configuration.
Kad 491
Soalan
How should a technician set expectations for a repair?
Jawapan
Give a realistic timeline, explain options and dependencies, and send status updates when the estimate changes.
Kad 492
Soalan
Which script type gives Windows administrators structured access to system management?
Jawapan
A PowerShell .ps1 script. Execution policy is not a malware boundary, so verify the source, signature, and contents.
Kad 493
Soalan
What does a differential backup copy?
Jawapan
It copies data changed since the last full backup. Recovery normally needs the last full and the latest differential.
Kad 494
Soalan
Why do change plans need both a backup plan and a rollback plan?
Jawapan
The backup protects data; the rollback returns the service to its prior state if the change fails. Define triggers and responsible staff before implementation.
Kad 495
Soalan
How should loose components be handled and stored?
Jawapan
Hold boards by the edges, avoid contacts, and place them in antistatic packaging on an ESD-safe surface.
Kad 496
Soalan
Why monitor both temperature and humidity in an equipment room?
Jawapan
Excess heat shortens component life; very low humidity raises static risk, while high humidity can cause condensation or corrosion.
Kad 497
Soalan
What is a synthetic full backup?
Jawapan
It combines a previous full backup with later backup data to create a new full on the backup system. The source does not need to resend every file.
Kad 498
Soalan
How do an asset tag and a CMDB serve different support needs?
Jawapan
The asset tag identifies the physical item; the CMDB records its configuration and relationships. Keep assignment, warranty, and licensing data current.
Kad 499
Soalan
What should a technician verify before installing licensed software?
Jawapan
Verify a valid license, permitted user or device scope, and any EULA or DRM limits. Personal, corporate, perpetual, and open-source licenses grant different rights.
Kad 500
Soalan
Which script type is commonly used for shell automation on Linux and macOS?
Jawapan
A .sh shell script. Its interpreter, permissions, quoting, and environment determine how it runs.
Kad 501
Soalan
How do GFS rotation and the 3-2-1 backup rule differ?
Jawapan
GFS rotates daily, weekly, and monthly backup generations. The 3-2-1 rule keeps three copies on two different media/storage types, with one copy offsite. GFS organizes retention over time; 3-2-1 spreads copies across storage locations and failure modes.
Kad 502
Soalan
Which personal protective steps matter for lifting or dusty repair work?
Jawapan
Use safe lifting technique and get help for heavy equipment; wear approved eye or breathing protection when the task creates those hazards.
Kad 503
Soalan
What does a VPN add to a remote-management session?
Jawapan
It creates an encrypted network path to private resources. The remote tool still needs secure configuration, authentication, and least-privilege access.
Kad 504
Soalan
What policy questions should come before using AI at work?
Jawapan
Check approved tools, allowed data, required disclosure, ownership rules, and whether the task permits AI assistance. Do not assume a public tool is approved.
Kad 505
Soalan
Why should a technician avoid jargon when speaking with a customer?
Jawapan
Plain language helps the customer understand choices and give informed answers. Use a technical term only when it adds clarity, then explain it.
Kad 506
Soalan
What is the value of sandbox testing and peer review before a change?
Jawapan
They expose technical mistakes and unexpected impact away from production. Record results and remaining risk.
Kad 507
Soalan
What are practical entry-level uses for scripts in support work?
Jawapan
Scripts can collect information, remap drives, install approved apps, start updates, restart systems, or run backups consistently. Python .py and JavaScript .js files are common choices when the environment supports them.
Kad 508
Soalan
What is the benefit and main risk of an RMM platform?
Jawapan
RMM can monitor and manage many endpoints centrally; compromise or misuse can reach many endpoints too. Protect the console with strong access controls, logging, and updates.
Kad 509
Soalan
How should a technician handle a confident AI answer?
Jawapan
Verify it against trusted evidence. AI can hallucinate, carry bias, miss context, or present outdated information fluently.
Kad 510
Soalan
How do surges, brownouts, and blackouts differ?
Jawapan
A surge is excess voltage, a brownout is reduced voltage, and a blackout is a loss of power. Match surge protection and UPS capacity to the equipment.
Kad 511
Soalan
What must you review before running an unfamiliar support script?
Jawapan
Review its source, inputs, privileges, target systems, resource use, network actions, error handling, and rollback. A script can spread malware or change many systems quickly.
Kad 512
Soalan
How do an NDA and an acceptable use policy serve different purposes?
Jawapan
An NDA restricts disclosure of protected information; an AUP defines permitted use of systems and data. Follow both along with incident and compliance rules.
Kad 513
Soalan
When should a normal change wait even if the technical work is ready?
Jawapan
Wait for required approval and an allowed maintenance window. Respect change freezes unless the approved emergency process applies.
Kad 514
Soalan
Which support document should guide a repeatable task with an agreed method?
Jawapan
Use the relevant SOP or checklist. Consult the SLA for service commitments and the knowledge base for reusable diagnosis or resolution guidance.
Kad 515
Soalan
What should a technician do if arriving late is unavoidable?
Jawapan
Contact the customer promptly, give an honest revised time, and keep the new commitment. Document service provided and follow up as promised.
Kad 516
Soalan
What safety problems does good cable management prevent?
Jawapan
It reduces trip hazards, blocked airflow, connector strain, and accidental disconnection. Keep cables clear of heat and emergency access.
Kad 517
Soalan
How do you know a backup is usable?
Jawapan
Test restores on a defined schedule. Verify data integrity and practice both overwrite recovery and recovery to an alternative location.
Kad 518
Soalan
What closes a well-managed change?
Jawapan
Verify the implementation, obtain required user acceptance, update documentation, and review the outcome. Trigger rollback if the defined failure criteria occur.
Kad 519
Soalan
How should a technician handle private material visible on a customer's device?
Jawapan
View only what the task requires, avoid copying or discussing it, and follow privacy policy. Maintain professional appearance and conduct in the customer's environment.
Kad 520
Soalan
What data boundary applies when prompting a public AI service?
Jawapan
Never send credentials or secrets to a public AI service. Keep private customer data, regulated data, proprietary code, and incident evidence out as well. An approved enterprise AI service is a separate case: use it only under the organization's data policy and contractual controls, and still never paste credentials or secrets.

A generic laptop and computer repair tools arranged on a dark technical workbench with abstract network lights.

520 kad

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

Ulang kaji dek ini secara percuma

Nibomo akan dibuka supaya anda boleh mula mengulang kaji.

Tentang dek ini

CompTIA A+ 220-1201 & 220-1202 Flashcards: Core 1 and Core 2

What the cards practice

Learning order

Labs and PBQs

Scope, provenance, and reuse

Kad dalam dek ini

Kad 1

Kad 2

Kad 3

Kad 4

Kad 5

Kad 6

Kad 7

Kad 8

Kad 9

Kad 10

Kad 11

Kad 12

Kad 13

Kad 14

Kad 15

Kad 16

Kad 17

Kad 18

Kad 19

Kad 20

Kad 21

Kad 22

Kad 23

Kad 24

Kad 25

Kad 26

Kad 27

Kad 28

Kad 29

Kad 30

Kad 31

Kad 32

Kad 33

Kad 34

Kad 35

Kad 36

Kad 37

Kad 38

Kad 39

Kad 40

Kad 41

Kad 42

Kad 43

Kad 44

Kad 45

Kad 46

Kad 47

Kad 48

Kad 49

Kad 50

Kad 51

Kad 52

Kad 53

Kad 54

Kad 55

Kad 56

Kad 57

Kad 58

Kad 59

Kad 60

Kad 61

Kad 62

Kad 63

Kad 64

Kad 65

Kad 66

Kad 67

Kad 68

Kad 69

Kad 70

Kad 71

Kad 72

Kad 73